Malatose Posted September 26, 2013 Report Share Posted September 26, 2013 OOC: This factbook is a work in progress.. Table of Contents Location: Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Area: total: 3,219,090 sq km country comparison to the world: 25 land: 3,800,470 sq km water: 4,620 sq km note: includes Prince Edward Islands (Marion Island and Prince Edward Island) Terrain: vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Njesuthi 3,408 m Natural resources: gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas Land use: arable land: 9.87% permanent crops: 0.34% other: 89.79% (2011) Demographics: Population: 349,314,000 Age structure: 0-14 years: 39% 15-64 years: 53.5% 65 years and over: 7.5% Birth rate: 20.28 births/1,000 population Life expectancy at birth: total population: 84.85 years male: 83.23 years female: 85.48 years (2009 est.) Nationality: 89.2% Black African 8.9% Coloured 9.9% White 2.5% Indian or Asian 0.5% other Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.99% male: 99.99% female: 99.99% Government: conventional long form: Dominion of Draka conventional short form: Draka former: Athens Protectorate abbreviation: DoD Government type: Republic Capital: Pretoria (administrative capital) geographic coordinates: 25 42 S, 28 13 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) Legal system: mixed legal system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, and customary law International law organization participation: Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive Branch Head of State (Archon): Johan Van Rensburg Head of government (Archon): Johan Van Rensburg cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: Archon elected by the National Assembly for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term) Legislative branch Parliament consisting of the National Assembly (400 seats; members elected by popular vote under a system of proportional representation to serve five-year terms) with special powers to protect regional interests, including the safeguarding of cultural and linguistic traditions among ethnic minorities: Judicial branch ■Supreme Court ■Regional Courts information Capital Praetoria Official language Drakan Currency Auric(A) Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted September 26, 2013 Author Report Share Posted September 26, 2013 (edited) The Archon and the Directorate Archon Johan van Rensburg The Archon of the Dominion of Draka is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution. The Archon is elected by the Parliament of Draka. The Archon is the leader of the Directorate, appoints ministers and members to the Directorate, awards and confers the National Orders of the State, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Draka, must sign all acts of Parliament, and may declare war or peace. The Directorate The Directorate is the collective body of senior political appointees at the head of the various ministries, independent agencies, and state corporations that composed the state, and as such had the authority to set policy governing the whole of the executive branch of the Dominion. At the head of the college was the Archon. Archon controlled all appointments of both ministers and secretaries of state The Directorate The Directorate of Foreign Affairs (Barend du Plessis) The Directorate of Justice (Gene Louw) The Directorate of War (Pieter Kriel) The Directorate of the Interior (Marius Vanee) The Directorate of Finance (Jakobus Golthan) The Directorate of Health and Epidemic Prevention (Johannes de Burg ) The Directorate of Business and Commerce (Alec Pradeux) The Directorate of Mining and Energy (Coh Veshiv) The Directorate of Science (Paltr Carvin) The Directorate of Education and Culture (Norym Kim) The Directorate of Social Services (Tann Starpyre) The Directorate of Transportation and Safety (Mahd Zuma) The Directorate of Corrections (Miat Temm) The Directorate of Conservation (Tertius Delpot) Drakan Economy The Dominion has three economies, separate but interlinked: the command economy of the Combines— huge quasi-monopolistic corporations usually partially owned by the State (the Directorate of Business and Commerce ordered the acquiring of additional holdings within commercial enterprises in lieu of taxes, and soon mandated that the appropriate directorate(s) own a 20% stake of any new company but the government may not own more than 50%.); the bureaucratic/civil service economy of the free employees of the State and the Combines; and a large "private sector" of small business. Citizens lives in a cross between a very comprehensive welfare state and a consumer society. Education through university, medical care and much else is provided free of charge; no Draka Citizen is actually poor. Only those with severe personality disorders manage to fall below the general upper-middle-class minimum, and they are usually taken care of by the government. Edited May 12, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted September 26, 2013 Author Report Share Posted September 26, 2013 (edited) The National Assembly of Draka The National Assembly is the nation's legislative branch. The Parliament of Draka consists of 400 members, elected by voters on a proportional representation/party list system. There are no electoral districts, and each party is allocated a number of seats proportionate to the percentage of the votes it receives across the country. It is chaired by a Speaker elected by the MPs from among themselves. The Parliament is responsible for choosing the Archon and passing laws, which effect the entire country. Representation in the National Assembly The Drakan League - 79% representation in the National Assembly Ideology: Drakan nationalism Conservatism Republicanism Militarism Political position Right-wing to far-right National Centre Party - 10% representation in the National Assembly Ideology: Liberalism Social liberalism Agrarianism Political position: Centre Social Democratic Party - 11% representation in the National Assembly Ideology: Social democracy Pro-Africanism Third Way Political position: Centre-left Edited May 7, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted September 27, 2013 Author Report Share Posted September 27, 2013 (edited) Geography and Life in the Dominion Location of Natalia (in Red) Natalia Stretching from the Eastern Cape northeast to the valley of the Limpopo river, and inland to the mountains. Climate ranging from humid subtropical on the coast, to semiarid in some river valleys, to moist temperate and cool in the interior plateaus and mountains. Settled during the 1780's, initial development focused on the coast lands, which quickly became the world's largest sugar-producing zone, and on the corridors leading to the gold and diamond mines of the interior. By the 1790's, the intermediate bench lands were brought under cultivation to supply grain, meat, leather, timber and working stock for the mines and sugar production. Irrigation developments and swamp drainage (especially along the Pongola and Limpopo rivers and in the area around Shahnapur) permitted diversified orchard farming, and extensive production of indigo, rice and cotton. Inland, the coal and iron deposits around Diskarapur [Newcastle, South Africa] and Shahnapur [Swaziland area, to Maputo] were put to use in the decade 1790–1800. The coast remains a major sugar-producing zone, although there has been a good deal of conversion to pasture (for dairy farming) and market-gardening, to feed the huge urban populations. Elsewhere, mixed crop/livestock farming remains the rule, with many local specialties; several million hectares are under irrigation. Large reservoir and pumping projects to supply urban water needs; water shortages are the primary constraint on further development. A major afforestation project covered most of the steeper and colder mountain slopes along the plateau edge with forests of northern-hemisphere trees (predominantly oak and pine). Australian wattle trees are extensively grown for their tannin-rich bark. Virconium [Durban, South Africa]: pop. 5,500,000 Major port; handling and warehousing facilities. Food processing, diversified consumer manufacturing, shipbuilding and repair, chemicals, engineering. Major resort areas north and south along coast. Entertainment, record, CD, movie, video studios. Marine Research Institute. Deep-sea fishing base. Shahnapur [Maputo, Mozambique]: 7,600,000 Domination's largest port; handling & warehousing facilities. Primary naval shipbuilding center; very extensive artificial extensions to harbor facilities. Dry-docks and floating docks, etc. Naval air and orbital scramjet bases; several large nuclear power facilities at 100–200 kilometer radius. Construction and assembly of marine nuclear power systems, fuel-cell submarine and industrial systems. Rail nexus. General manufacture. Iron and steel, heavy engineering (power-plant turbines, castings and forgings, ordnance), explosives, petroleum storage and pipelines to interior. Shahnapur Institute of Tropical Medicine. Diskarapur [Newcastle, South Africa]: 3,500,000 First, and largest, heavy-industrial center. Located on inland plateau near headwaters of Tugela river. Iron and steel (1990 output in excess of 6,000,000 tons yearly); castings and forgings; locomotives; machine tools; general engineering, esp. heavy, mining machinery, large mine ventilation systems, power systems, nuclear reactors. Ordnance factories; tank assembly plants; turbocompound engines; autosteamers, esp. military-logistics vehicles. Basic chemicals. Headquarters of Ferrous Metals Combine, Trevithick Autosteam Combine. Metallurgical Research Institute. Archona/Central Province Covers central plateau between eastern mountains and Kalahari desert on the west, Orange river on the south, Limpopo on the north. The discovery of diamonds and gold in the 1780's forced early settlement. The landscape south of the Whiteridge [Johannesburg area, South Africa] is essentially a flat sloping plain sloping to the west; the eastern third is sub humid, shading off into semiarid and then the arid, sandy bunch grass savannah of the Kalahari and the absolute desert of the Namib on the Atlantic coast. Large-scale mixed farming on the east, shading off into sheep/cattle/antelope ranching on the west and south. Local irrigation where possible, with arable areas fattening stock shipped in from drier ranching territory. The areas north of Archona [Pretoria, South Africa] are rougher and usually drier, and warmer due to lower altitudes; fairly extensive irrigated areas supply the cities with fresh produce. There are numerous local specialties, e.g. tea in the wet foothills of the Northern Malutis, or cherries, apples and peaches in the mountain valleys of the southeast [Lesotho]. Despite intensive production, this is a food-deficit area due to the unusually large urban/industrial population. Principal products: maize, wheat, potatoes, oilseeds (esp. sunflowers), sorghum, fodder crops, livestock (sheep, cattle, antelope), fruit (citrus, other tropical, temperate-zone), market gardening. Minerals: Besides precious metals and diamonds (both gem and industrial), the area proved to be a treasure-house of industrial raw materials; coal in the thousands of millions of tons; iron in unlimited quantities, copper, zinc, platinum, manganese, rutile, titanium, chrome, uranium, and others too numerous to mention. Major Cities: Archona [Pretoria, South Africa], 12,780,000 National capital; the original city was in a bowl-like depression, just north of the rather bleak Whiteridge gold-mining settlements, and near a major diamond mine. Later proved to be near iron deposits, reasonably close to major coal mines, and in the center of the mineral zone described above. The residential/administrative core remains in the old city, with the industrial developments to the north and suburban developments climbing the plateau to the south, east and west. The suburban development is dotted with marble and tile public buildings and low-rise office blocks, parks and broad avenues, the University campus and pleasant, leafy suburbs with the gardens for which the city is famed. In the centre of Archona is the Avenue of Triumph, a broad central three-mile long boulevard. The Avenue of Triumph serves as a parade ground, during special occasions. During parades, vehicles will be diverted into an underground highway running directly underneath the avenue. At the end. the Avenue of Triumph met the Way of the Armies. The Way of the Armies had a number of monuments, with the Pantheon of Drakan Excellence being the main centerpiece. The Pantheon of Drakan Excellence prominent memorial buildings intended to commemorate Germany's past and anticipated military glory is the Soldier's Hall. This building promotes the Draka's glorification of war, patriotic self-sacrifice and virtuous militarism. The main architectural features of this building are overtly Roman. Inside of the main hall, military weapons and flags captured from enemies are placed put on display. A groin-vaulted crypt beneath the main barrel-vaulted hall is built as a pantheon of officers of the past, present and future exhibited here in effigy. In addition, it functions as a herõon. Regular soldiers, who died in past wars, also have their names placed on display. Surrounding the Pantheon of Drakan excellence was a large field, with other monuments. A hundred summers had turned the bronze green and faded the marble plinth; about it were gardens of unearthly loveliness where children played between the flowerbeds. One particular statue showed a group of Draka soldiers on horseback; their weapons were the Ferguson rifle-muskets and double-barrelled dragoon pistols of the eighteenth century. Their leader stood dismounted, reins in one hand, bush-knife in the other. A warrior knelt before him, and the Draka’s boot rested on the man’s neck ". Draka cities are spacious and green, their buildings designed for beauty as well as function. Beauty their society values as an end in itself. As an Arch-Strategos (Field Marshal) observes in congratulating one of his junior officers for winning the Archon’s Prize for a book of poems: "The Glory of the Race is accomplishment, and beauty is as much so as power". Archona is also home to civil service/bureaucratic staff of several millions. Military headquarters. HQ of most major industrial combines. Several universities and research institutes. Tourist traffic. Entertainment industries and luxury manufactures (e.g. silk textiles). Industrial research and development. High quality alloy steels, precision machine tools, ball- and roller-bearings. Ordnance and small arms. Final assembly of nuclear weapons. Computers, components, software. Sensor-effector systems, quality optics, electronics of all types. Word- and data-processing equipment of all types; office supplies. Fiber optics and transmission cables. Scramjet and laser-launch base; space-manufacturing research and support center. Exotic materials, e.g. carbon and boron-fiber matrix composites. Industrial development: the entire central and northern portion of Archona province is dotted with industrial cities in the 100,000–250,000 range, with mines and isolated installations stretching out into the Kalahari (e.g., breeder reactors and plutonium refineries). The concentration of industries is as great as the Midwestern complex in North America or the Tokyo–Kyoto corridor in Japan, with only rigorous zoning and planning preventing a conurbation stretching unbroken for hundreds of square miles. The gold mines alone still employ over workers, and vast sections of the central plateau south of Archona are honeycombed with tunnels stretching down over 15,000 feet — many of them now converted to clandestine military use, or stocked as shelters. The individual industries are too numerous to list in a paper of this size, but encompass the full range of modern manufacturing (with the partial exception of the petrochemical group, which the Domination prefers to localize closer to the sources of supply). Minerals, even after a century of intensive working, are still abundant; energy was originally supplied by the extensive and easily accessible coal deposits, now supplemented by a massive complex of fusion power plants. Northmark [Zimbabwe–Rhodesia] Northward extension of the Archona–Central Province industrial zone. [Namibia Province] [Zambia Province] Edited May 14, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
halfcha0s Posted September 28, 2013 Report Share Posted September 28, 2013 translation requested Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted October 1, 2013 Author Report Share Posted October 1, 2013 (edited) The Dominion of Draka Armed Forces (Drakan Armed Forces) The Drakan Armed Forces are simultaneously the Dominion's source of power and its means of applying it, both mine and mint. The The Drakan Armed Forces performs a number of functions within the nation. First and foremost, they served to protect the Dominion in general from violent disorder, to include invasion, insurrection, and terrorism. Secondly, they are responsible for defending the "the integrity of the Union" against possible Separatist holdouts. The War Directorate and Supreme General Staff Operational control of the Drakan Armed Forces is exercised by two entities, the War Directorate and the Supreme General Staff. The War Directorate, whose director is appointed by the Supreme General Staff exclusively from it's own ranks, is responsible for the training, readiness status, arming, and supplying, and in peacetime all territorial commands of the armed forces reported to it. In addition, the War Directorate is responsible for the mobilization of the armed forces, and it coordinates the activities of the armed services and resolves inter-service disputes over the allocation of roles and missions, material resources, and manpower. All services are united under the Supreme General Staff. In practice, this means the Army dominates, since the Dominion is a continental power. Draka tactics and strategy both emphasize the indirect approach—overwhelming an opponent with movement and firepower rather than head-on battering. "Winning battles by attrition is to the Art of War as a paint-by-numbers kit is to the Mona Lisa." The Supreme General Staff has five main directorates and four directorates. They perform strategic and operational research and planning, provided strategic military intelligence and analysis, dealt with foreign military attachés, and gave occasional press briefings on political-military issues. In wartime the General Staff would become the executive agent of executing military operations, supervising the execution of military strategy and operations by subordinate commands. The Supreme General Staff would exercise direct control over the combat arms of the armed forces that operate strategic nuclear weapons and would coordinate the activities and missions of the armed services. Chief of the Supreme General Staff (Dominarch) - John Erikssen Edited May 1, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted October 4, 2013 Author Report Share Posted October 4, 2013 (edited) The Drakan Army Vast beyond the ability of the human mind to truly grasp, the Drakan Army is one of the largest fighting force ever assembled on the African continent. Training: Children are introduced to basic military concepts at the age of 5, both physically and psychologically. The aims are toughness, hardiness (ruthlessness and indifference to pain are emphasized), independence, leadership and cooperative teamwork. Robotic obedience is not encouraged. After 12, training becomes more specific: marksmanship, field craft, technical subjects, small-unit tactics, wilderness survival, live-firing exercises, etc. Military service begins at 18 and lasts or four years in peacetime. Since the conscript is already in fine physical condition and more than familiar with the basics, "basic" training is actually more like an advanced specialist's course. Leadership candidates are identified during the first year, and qualification testing screens applicants for NCO rank. All officers are promoted "from the ranks," and then receive advanced training in a number of specialized schools. After the basic four years (longer for officers and NCOs) most Draka undergo two months' reserve service a year; after age 40 most are transferred into second-line formations. Most units (the Air Corps and Navy aside) are territorially based, with recruits drawn from a single area. Great efforts are made to keep down personnel turbulence, and the average Draka soldier spends his/her military life with roughly the same group of faces. The basic field formation is the Legion (roughly, a division); Armies and Army Corps are plugged together from these basic building blocks as need and opportunity dictate. There are three types of Legion: Armored, Mechanized, and Special—Airborne, Mountain, and Amphibious. The Armored/Mechanized constitute about 95 percent of total strength. Organization is (roughly) as follows: Dominion of Draka Rank System Citizen Enlisted E-1 Junior Monitor - Private (just joined) E-2 Monitor - Corporal (some experience) E-3 Decurion - Sergeant E-4 Senior Decurion Citizen Officers O-1 Tetrarch (2nd Lt / Ensign) O-2 Senior Tetrarch (1st Lt / Lieutenant JG) O-3 Centurion (Captain / Lieutenant) O-4 Cohortarch (Major / Lt Commander) O-5 Junior Merarch (LT Colonel / Commander) O-6 Senior Merarch (Colonel / Captain) O-7 Junior Chiliarch (Brig. Gen / Rear Adm (Lower) ) O-8 Senior Chilliarch (Major Gen / Rear Adm (Upper)) O-9 Junior Strategos (Lt General/ Vice Admiral) O-10 Strategos ( General /Admiral ) O-11 Senior Strategos (Colonel General / Marshal ) O-12 Arch Strategos ( Field Marshal / General of the Army ) O-13 Dominarch (Chief of the Supreme General Staff) Commanding ranks in Citizen's Force Monitor (fire-team leader/Cpl) commanding a Stick of 4 Decurion (Sergeant) commanding a Lochos (Squad) of 8 Tetrarch (Lieutenant) commanding a Tetrarchy (Platoon) of 33 Centurion (Captain) commanding a Century (Company) of 110 Cohortarch (Major) commanding a Cohort (Battalion) of 500 Merarch (Colonel) commanding a Merarchy (Regiment) of 1,500 Chiliarch (Brigadier General) commanding a Chiliarchy (Brigade) of 4,500 Strategos (Lieutenant General) commanding a Legion (Division) of 13,000 Arch-Strategos (General of the Army) commanding larger units, at the Corps level It should be noted that a full-strength Legion has about 9,200 Citizens and about 3,000 auxiliaries, who are unarmed support personnel in noncombatant functions. At higher levels (e.g., Army Corps), formal rank designation would be "Arch-Strategos"—roughly, Senior General—with a functional qualifier to designate role. Note that each grade would contain junior/senior levels, and also that the Draka concept of rank is rather flexible-ad hoc units under relatively junior commanders can be patched together at need. In addition, the Drakan Army maintains numerous air mobile configurations. The development of transport helicopters and VTOL transports allowed for the formation of integrated "air-shock" legions. These were all-arms formations oriented to the speed and mobility of air transport, as the armored legions had been to the protection and cross-country capacity of the tank; they included organic helicopter-gunship and ground-attack aircraft units. These units were developed for use in the African plains and deserts. Game Modifiers used Two IG carriers (two hundred thousand tonnes total for thirty two submarines of the Los Angeles Class) 8 IG Nukes for eighty thousand tonnes of shipping for two America class amphibious assault ships) 2 IG Nukes for one thousand tanks 1 IG Nuke for two squadrons of hornets 14 IG Nukes for 140,000 troops Personnel Statistics 1,401,470 Armed Troops 6,500,000 Auxiliary Troops responsible for providing the armed forces with ammunition, fuel, spare parts, food, clothing, and other matériel. Armor Statistics of the Drakan Army 29,000 Juggernaut Infantry Fighting Vehicles 15,900 Rhino Urban Warfare Vehicles 13,614 Nakil Main Battle Tanks 9,500 Hoplite Amphibious Personnel Carriers4,000 Armored Recovery Vehicles 600 Combat Engineering Vehicles Logistics Trucks of the Drakan Army 76,000 Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) 29,450 Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT) 2,600 Heavy Equipment Transport Truck Artillery of the Drakan Army 4,934 KTL 125 Self Propelled Howitzer 3,990 150mm GLS Multi-Launch Rocket System 2,800 G17 Self-Propelled 254mm Mortar Army Aviation 1,420 ACI-39 Corvus Attack Helicopers 956 Bellicus Heavy Transport Helicopter Gunship Drakan Equipment Xenias Combat Battle Armor Helmet: The Helmet of the Xenias Combat Infantry Gear was developed by the leading electronics corporation in Germany, Stahl Arms. Inside of the Helmet, various electronic systems are implemented, with one example being an advanced Target Initiation Systems. The Target Initiation System includes: integrated Thermal day/night systems and integrated vision systems which allows for Target Identification at a range of up to 1.5km. In addition, the helmet utilizes a voice-activated screen to access information, without the soldier having to put down their weapons. Embedded in a pair of transparent glasses, the display will appear to the soldier as a 17-inch screen. The screen can also display 3D maps and real-time digital video, provided by a forward-positioned scout team, satellite aircraft, high definition digital imaging system, and GPS. Because each soldier is connected to a wide-area network, local commanders can easily connect to each individual soldier to see what he (the soldier) is seeing on the battlefield. The Helmet also eliminates the need for an external microphone. The Xenias uses sensors that measure vibrations of the cranial cavity. This bone-conduction technology allows soldiers to communicate with one another, and it also controls the menus visible through the drop-down eyepiece. The Helmet is equipped with a 360-degree situational awareness and voice amplification system. The Voice Amplification system will allow soldiers to know where a specific sniper or mortar round came from, but at the same cancel out the noise at a certain decibel, so as to not cause damage to the soldier's ears. The situation-awareness technology also allows soldiers to detect other soldiers in front of them up to a couple of two kilometers away or focus in on a particular sound and amplify it . A computer embedded in the suit and located at the base of the soldier's back will be connected to a local and wide-area network, allowing for data transfer. Armor Specifications: The Xenias Infantry Gear was sent through vigorous testing in order for the Scientist to decide which armor elements to use. In the end, It was decided that the best armor solution would be to go with Liquid Armor. The boots, gloves, chest garments and various other garments all contain liquid armor elements. This, in return, gives the soldier increased protection against shrapnel from grenades or exploding shells. Implemented in the suit are advanced ballistic ceramic discs/panels. Armor is not just ceramic or titanium -- they are actually composed of advanced ceramic or titanium composite matrix-es and laminates that can incorporate other materials. The ceramic composite discs/panels are approximately 2" in diameter, and their anti-materiel discs, go up to approx. 3" in diameter. The technology will stop military V0 and V50 threats at military V0 and V50 muzzle velocities, which is higher than NIJ muzzle velocities in the civilian world. The Armor's most advanced ballistic hard armor, ceramic composite flexible body armor, can defeat multiple hits of 7.62x51mm AP rounds, like the Winchester/Olin .308 SLAP (Sabot Light Armour-Penetrating) round, which utilizes a tungsten sabot bullet, 7.62x39mm and 5.56x45mm rounds at muzzle velocity. Xenias' Armor's unique flexible ceramic hard armor will successfully take many more hits than conventional/standard NIJ Level IV SAPI plates, and provides coverage over a much greater surface area. The Xenias discs can take hits at the edge without failing. They can also take a greater saturation of hits, i.e. more hits over a given area, than traditional ceramic or titanium hard armor plates/inserts (i.e. SAPI plates). The newer Type 01 armor also reduces trauma to the body, due to much less backface deformation signature (BDS). Armor system has stopped an NIJ Level IV round with only 9mm backface deformation signature. That's just over 5/16th's of an inch BDA. The wearer can take multiple hits on the vest and keep fighting effectively. This aspect, by itself, is incredibly important, especially in urban warfare and CQB (Close Quarters Battle) scenarios Power Supply System: Powering the entire suit is a 2- to 20-watt microturbine generator fueled by a liquid hydrocarbon. A plug-in cartridge containing 10 ounces of fuel can power the soldier's uniform for up to six days. Battery patches embedded in the helmet provide three hours of back-up power. Knee Pads, Gloves and Boots: The Knee Pads of the HE-101 Xenias are made of a special rubbery material. The substance, which is shaped just like the human knee allows for enhanced mobility. The special rubbery material allows can last through high impact blows and other stressful environments. Aside from the special knee cap systems, soldiers are Kevlar gloves, as well. These gloves allow for maximum finger dexterity and provide heat and flash detection of up to 800 F. The boots of the Xenias are designed to be of a lightweight athletic design. The boots also have traction over a wide variety of terrain and have moisture control implemented. Cooling and other systems: Every combat suit is equipped with a moisture wicking base layer beneath the pants and boots. This keeps soldiers cool, dry and light. The cooling system is especially useful in a desert or humid environment. Also, all major components of the Xenias are water proof and heavy shock absorbsant. The water-proof material also shields the valuable electronics located into the suit while fighting in swamps. The Micro-climate Conditioning Subsystem, built into the Life Critical Layer, is a network of narrow tubing that would provide 100 watts of heating or cooling to the soldier. Currently, cooling System circulates chilled water through a special heat-transfer garment. The cooled circulating fluid pulls metabolic heat from the soldier's body and transfers it into the environment through its condenser. The main condenser unit can provide 120 W cooling power in a 95 °F (35 °C) environment, with an average power consumption of 35 W and weight of 3.5 pounds (1.6 kg), excluding the power source. Battlefield Awareness System: The Battlefield Awareness subsystem of the uniform lies against the soldier's skin and includes sensors that monitor soldier's core body temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, body position (standing or sitting) and hydration levels. If necessary, the BAS can notify medics and commanders if the soldier has been wounded or has become fatigued. The Soldier's Personal Weapon - StA-12 StA - 12 Assault Rifle Technical Specifications Type- Advanced Personal Weapon System Caliber- 6.7x35mm CTA Muzzle Velocity- -SR: 2,725 FPS -PDR: 2,650 FPS -IAR: 2,800 FPS Operation- Balanced long stroke gas piston, rotating bolt Barrel Length- -SR: 18 inches -PDR: 16 inches -IAR: 20 inches Overall Length- -SR: 32.5 inches -PDR: 30.5 inches -IAR: 34.5 inches Weight- -SR: 4.7lbs unloaded/5.95lbs loaded -PDR: 4.4lbs unloaded/5.65lbs loaded -IAR: 5lbs unloaded/ 6.25lbs loaded Feed- 50 round helical magazine Effective Range- -SR: 800 meters -PDR: 650 meters -IAR: 1,000 meters Rifling- 4 grooves, 1:10 right hand Rate of Fire- 650 on fully automatic, 1100 burst Fire Modes- Semi Automatic; 2-rd Burst/Automatic (depending on trigger pull) Ground Armor, Artillary and other Technology of the Army: Arca IV Nakil Main Battle Tank Manufacturer: Stahl Land Systems Crew: 3 Weight: 67,400kg Power to Weight Ratio: 26.7 Length: 7.97m Length of Gun: 7m Width: 3.8m Height: 2.6m Ground Clearance: .4m Engine: 1800 hp Gas Turbine Maximum Velocity: 74km/h Range: 640km Range With External Tanks: 1,130km Trench: 5.6m Step: 5.6m Vertical Obstacle: 1.4m Ford Unprepared: 1.8m Ford Prepared: 6m Climbing Gradient: 40x Fire and Control Computer: Cornerstone Mk III Armament: 140mm Light Weight High Breech Pressure Liquid Propellant ETC 1x G379B 20mm CTA ETC autocannon 1x 12.7mm HMG 1x Remote Weapon Station (HammerFist) 1x 60mm mortar Ammunition: 48 Rounds in turret/36 rounds in turret Main Gun Depression: -5/+38 degrees Armor [Rolled Homogenous Equivalent with ERA vs. KE]: Lower Hull: 1,100mm Glacis: 2,440mm Front 1/3 Side Hull: 930mm Front Side Turret/ Side Turret: 1,920mm Rear Turret: 740mm Rear Hull: 698.5mm Side Hull: 1,810mm Mantlet: 3,325mm Weakened Zone: 3,450mm Front Turret Corners: 3,450mm Side Turret: 2,200mm Roof: 235mm Armor [Rolled Homogenous Equivalent with ERA vs. CE]: Lower Hull: 1,400mm Glacis: 2,980mm Front 1/3 Side Hull: 1,100m Front Side Turret/Side Turret: 2,100mm Rear Turret: 1,498mm Rear Hull: 1,387mm Side Hull: 1,750mm Mantlet: 3,610mm Weakened Zone: 3,790mm Front Turret Corners: 3,820mm Side Turret: 1,830mm Roof: 715mm Suspension: Active Hydropneumatic Suspension System Sensors & Range: 4th Generation FLIR @ 13km targeting range; 8km classification range 3rd Generation LADAR @ ~10km classification range 3rd Generation CITV Night Vision: Integrated with sensors. NBC Protection: Air-tight chassis and turret, air filtration and overpressure air conditioning system, masks and uniforms. Protected against EMP. Cost for Upgrade: $2.7 million / $3.2 million Cost for New Production: $10 million / $11 million Tank Munitions Ammunition: The principle round used on the Nakil is the new XG.784 “Atmos” rocket assisted kinetic energy (RAKE) projectile. The rod weighs ~9.56kg, while the entire round boasts a mass of ~19kg. While the sabot is composed of relatively light weight materials, the true weight increase is a byproduct of adding a single intake under the sabot, powering a ramjet engine with a low thrust augmentator. A barbettage injection method, mixed with the small cartridge augmentator, increases combustion ratios from 1:3 to ~1:7. This offers a lighter weight solution to a solid propellant rocket, as well as slightly higher velocities. Additional weight is provided by fused sensors, making the XG.784 both a sensor fused weapon (SFW) and a smart attack munition (SAM). The engine can boost the velocity of the round to near 2,800 meters per second beyond the muzzle; near 1,700-2,200 meters. However, effective kill range still doesn’t surpass 6-7 kilometers. The rod is a depleted uranium (dU) projectile, covered with a chrome spray to reduce erosion, which provides a 15% increase in penetration efficiency over tungsten. The penetrator itself has a diameter of 28mm and a length of 887.6mm, which details a 30.7:1 aspect ratio. The sabot is 993.4mm long. However, considering the higher velocities the round is moving at penetration begins to take a different form and although penetration of the XG.784 should exceed by much the penetration of a standard 120mm L/55 smoothbore cannon, it wouldn’t necessarily be as proportional as an increase in velocity to 1,900m/s. In other words, the amount of penetration begins to level off, as if reaching an asymptote. Testing in Mandalay using hydrocodes found this to misleading because as velocity of the penetrator increases the resistance put by the target decreases, meaning although actual penetration may not increase linearly, technically there would more penetration because the target would collapse within itself. These tests included penetration studies on single plates, multi-plates, ceramics and ceramic laminates, all showing similar results. A later report was published in Beda Fromm providing tests that had suggested penetration of a 125g rod at 4km/s to be ~198mm, while a 250g rod striking at 2.96km/s penetrated 382mm of semi-infinite RHA – said rod also had an l/d ratio of 30. A 125g rod with an l/d ratio of 30 moving at 3.02km/s penetrated 287mm of semi-infinite RHA. Incidentally, the first rod had an l/d ratio of 15. It all seems to reinforce the Arca. IV Nakíl program in lengthening the l/d ratio to ~30 [a little less], and the fact that despite previous testing higher velocities does not limit penetration depth, although mass plays a bigger part in the hypersonic regime than does actual hypersonic velocity. This was further reinforced by the same report which tested different mass rods with the same l/d ratio of 20. A 1kg rod moving at 2.28km/s penetrated 420mm of semi-infinite RHA, while a 2kg rod moving at 2.06km/s penetrated 486mm! The Nakíl’s RAKE searches for the optimum of both, which is why the round is heavy, yet reliant on higher velocities, attempting to achieve an impact and penetration that has been unseen in prior armor design. The second most accepted round is the XG.398, a shallow cone shaped charge (SCSC), which consists of a tandem shaped warhead, designed to defeat ERA and then penetrate ~1200mm of armor thereafter, while the jet would be moving at near 13,000 meters per second (the jet, not the round). Studies in the Ejermacht’s Proving Grounds in Mandalay proved that a low mass shaped charge would render higher performance, efficiency and penetration than a higher mass shaped charge, while further penetration would be guaranteed by changing the shape and expansion of the chemical warhead. The former fact was found after extensive testing between high mass tungsten jets and low mass tungsten jets; the high mass jet was found to break up at an increased rate and as mass increases radial velocity gradients increase. For example, a long stand-off shaped charge would increase break-up time, although penetration time would decrease. The two jets themselves are composed of aluminum, chosen for its low density and high velocity, with molybdenum used as the liner due to its intrinsic sound propagating properties. This team has proved to provide quite the warhead. The tandem warhead is actually cooperation between three different explosive conical jets, like later Soviet HEAT designs. This should provide a powerful foe to explosive reactive armor and aid in proving that HEAT warheads are not totally obsolete, especially when matched against side and rear armor. Secondary rounds include a smart top attack weapon (STAW), and a smart target fire activated fire and forget (STAFF) fire and forget round. Both types use a long-standoff explosively formed penetrator (EFP). Originally, the EFP would use a copper lining, however greater penetration was found to occur with a multiple copper liner concept, which would also work with increasing success against the new ERA roof appliqués being designed. Nevertheless, both rounds (the XG.117 and XG.837, respectively) offer outstanding results for long range application anti-armor warfare. The XG.117 is perhaps the more versatile of the two, and the most likely to compliment the XG.784 “Atmos”, while it’s designed to be fired out of any smoothbore cannon, and any difference is propulsion type with slight variations to the design of the round. Being sensor fused, much like the XG.784 and the XG.398, the XG.117 STAW uses a high arch flight to knock out main battle tanks beyond line of sight, as well as light armored vehicles, dismounted troops, infrastructures or slow moving aerodynes. The total weight is 28kg, with a length of 984mm, while the projectile itself weighs ~20kg. Using a combustible cartridge the round leaves the bore of the gun at ~900-1100m/s, with a range of 2,000 to 9,000 meters using a base bleed type rocket engine at the end of the round. As a warhead the XG.117 uses a long jet penetration explosive formed projectile [EFP] performing a penetration of a maximum of ~300mm rolled homogenous armor equivalent [RHAe]. Guidance is preformed by both millimeter wave radar and an infra-red homing device, combining viewing geometry with the sensing spectrum. The XG.117 round should be the most impressive round from the perspective of poorer nations, and STAWs in general have been considered one of the gravest threats to the modern main battle tank, apart from the anti-tank guided missile. XG.451 is a HE/FRAG [high explosive, fragmentation] round measuring 120mm in diameter and 600mm in length. The end of the round is occupied by a drive plug that is designed to break off after the round leaving the muzzle, while it would also carry the drive band, achieving a clean break off by using conical contact surfaces. The drive plug and the solid propellant casing is manufactured out of maraging steel, while newer threads were designed to connect the propellant casing and the nozzle ring and the forward sections of the round. Given the high exit velocities of the round a smaller inlet was designed on the XG.451 while the intake of higher than mach wind velocities also maximizes the performance of the solid propellant ramjet engine [SPRJ]. Understandably, the design of the XG.451 and the XG.784 differ considerably, so the two SPRJs should not be mistaken as the same design, or the same system. In fact, the XG.451 is one of the first ramjet driven high explosive projectiles designed, as opposed to the XG.784, which while being one of the first, most certainly stands on the shoulders of much more design and testing. In any case, the 30kg round, with a 3kg high explosive and almost two thousand tungsten metal balls, is one of the most modern and deadly anti-personnel rounds designed. The round can be used for ranges of over four thousand meters, much longer than the Israeli APAM (by about a kilometer), and much more longer than the future (X)M1028 being designed by the United States (by about 3.3 kilometers). The fuse is designed to be set when the round is already in the firing chamber, programmed by a coil, or in other words the tank’s fire control system. The round would leave the muzzle at around 1,250m/s, using the ramjet mostly for the extended range capabilities. The anti-tank guided missile [ATGM] ‘Pilum’, a co-development with the tank and meant exclusively for the Arca. IV, is a fairly long enhanced fiber optic guided missile [EFOGM] designed for extended range targets. Much like the XG.784, the Pilum incorporates new ramjet technologies to enhance its range and offer an alternative to a solid fuel rocket engine. The power plant of the missile is a ducted ramjet, using a nozzleless integrated booster which surrounds the ram combustor. The ramjet uses an oxygen deficient boron loaded solid propellant with a gas generator and feed this into the ram combustor using an interstage section. This interstage is composed of a control valve/actuator, a fuel injector, and an igniter. Underneath the missile would be the air duct, with the air intake closure being located just under the fins at the end of the missile. This ramjet propels a fully sensor infused tandem HEAT warhead which, like the XG.398, uses a low mass, shallow coned shape charge, with penetration capabilities of ~1,200mm. The launch sequence follows a simple routine, having a propellant within the tank barrel burn for about a tenth of a second, reducing the amount of recoil, and when the missile is a safe distance from the tank it ignites the main ramjet motor going into full burn sometime thereafter, allowing it to go over trees and other obstacles to defeat the threat. The missile is a top attack ATGM designed to arch up and then begin terminal descent at ~80 degrees, shortening its range but making it harder for active protection systems and hard kill close-in weapon systems to have a great impact on the missile. The sensors infused in the nose include a short range and rather temporary radar jammer, as a counter active protection system, and a small, cylindrical chaff dispenser. Finally, guidance is provided through fiber optic datalinks that use outside sensors and previsualization to guide the missile, as opposed to a bulky on board radar. This, consequently, also allows for the jammer that was previously discussed. In the end, the maximum range is estimated at eight kilometers, making the missile effectively a beyond visual range [BVR] munition, and has a terminal velocity of just over Mach 6, making it hypersonic, while the jet velocity is near 13,000 meters per second. One of the disadvantages of the Pilum is the relative high cost of each missile, which is ~550,000 United States Dollars per unit. Nevertheless, the Ejermacht has seen the cost as worth the effect of the missile, considering the damage done and the ability to confuse and even avoid active protection systems as worth the ridiculously high cost. Crew Department and Electronics The crew compartment is a single compartment not divided by firewalls between separate crew members. The tank commander is on the right side of the turret, behind the gunner [looking at the tank from the top-rear], with their cabin divided by an armored firewall, splitting the dual autoloader, which are themselves split from each other by a firewall. Each combat vehicle crewman [CVC] has an integrated helmet, with a right ocular helmet mounted display [HMD]. The new helmets feature a thicker ballistic shell to protect the head against shell fragments, and an integrated digital intercommunication system between crewmen of the same vehicle. Each of the three members is also cooled by the personal climate control system which is installed in the seat frame. The former provides a cool climate condition for the crew members, increasing crew comfort. The latter is made to be as comfortable as possible, and the seats are slightly tilted forward despite the fact that the crewmember is at a more obtuse angle of deployment in the new tank. Furthermore, directly in front of the crew compartment is an energy absorption unit which works similar to the concept of a front mounted engine by providing further protection to the crew. Unfortunately, this does mean a slightly longer tank, while the EAU is not as large as an engine would be, although admittedly, the density is greater. The argument for greater crew comfort in the Arca. IV came after a study of crew composition in Soviet armor and European armor, and the effects that crew comfort, or the lack thereof, had on the performance of the tank as a whole. For example, the half-egg shaped turret featured on the T-55, T-62 and less obviously on the T-64, while giving good ballistic qualities, cramped working conditions for the crew. This was found to result in a slower rate of fire, which counterbalanced the lower silhouette [as compared to the M60]. Despite the fact that the T-64 introduced an autoloader which seemed to have freed space, the turret was shrunk providing the same cramped conditions and resulting in the same consequences, which were more or less the same for the T-72. The same situation developed in the Leclerc Main Battle Tank. The Leclerc is capable of routinely making the first round fired the most accurate, meaning increased lethality – this is achieved through the inclusion of over fifteen computers having independent tasks and feeding this into the fire and control system, something which the Arca. IV incorporates [explained below]. Nevertheless, the Leclerc’s turret, designed for agility, makes movement impossible and shortens the crew’s optimum time in the tank to six hours, whereupon it must be replaced. Where battles often continue for over half of days this becomes rather undesirable for ultra modern tank design. Nevertheless, something that was adopted from the Leclerc is that each crew member does not need to move very far to access each control, making reaction time much faster. Although crew members cannot operate the tank standing up, due to the lower height of the vehicle, they do have room to move in case of fatigue of certain body parts [such as the legs]. The tank commander [TC] has a retractable and extendable photonic mast with a three hundred and sixty degree turning radius and is fully stabilized. The photonic mast also features a thermal imagine module [TIM] and can be switched to night vision optics and provides fifty orders of magnification with exemplary resolution. This newest reconnaissance device can be extended to a total of nine meters, with the ability to work without the engine turned on, using an auxiliary power unit. The decision to extend the commander’s sights was made with the understanding that this would increase the ability to conduct reconnaissance without putting the tank in danger of being targeted by a single or multiple anti-tank guided missiles, and would allow for a more restricted use of unmanned aerial vehicles which have the tendency to warn of military operations in the direct area. Along the turret, six cameras are mounted to give both the TC and the driver an accurate picture of threats around them; these cameras feed into a three screen display that is duplicated both in the TC’s direct area and the driver’s direct area. The rear mounted camera also helps the driver during retrograde maneuvers. The driver also has a global positioning system [GPS] navigational guide, which too is shared by the TC [to give orders]. The liquid crystal display units provided to the different crewmen, based upon their job distribution, also includes basic terrain maps provided by overhead flight or satellite reconnaissance, while the commander is given a battlefield combat identification system [BCIS] and a multi-purpose chemical agent detection [MICAD] meter. Most of the tank’s well being programs are also directed to the tank commander. The entire integration and better organization of the tank’s electronics allows for faster reactions between crew members, which in turn allows for a greater rate of fire and more precise shots. This latter aspect is enhanced by the better situated gunner’s sights, and the position of the seat of the gunner and of the gunner himself. Despite the fact that a rounder turret would provide better protection, this becomes untrue when taking into consideration that the flat turret used on the Arca. IV also allows for the inclusion of light explosive reactive armor that is ablative to roof tops. Furthermore, ballistic protection of the crew is enhanced nonetheless through the use of the spall liner described in the armor section of this article. Finally, the advantages offered through crew comfort and the adoption of easier access and newer passive reconnaissance and viewing technologies negates the disadvantages which would otherwise be true with a turret style like the one debuting on the Arca. IV. Nonetheless, it has been argued that such a turret design is more susceptible to better and enhanced tandem HEAT warhead designs on top-attack fire and forget anti-tank guided missiles. Arguably, this threat is true for all turret types and is not something that is solely reserved for the Arca. IV. Furthermore, the Empire and its national vehicle projects has always pioneered enhanced crew comfort and relaxation, and this is certainly a ‘lead ahead’ in that respect, without sacrificing other important aspects in crew survivability. Electronics: Looking down on the turret, right of the 140mm cannon a miniscule circular platform denotes the presence of an advance targeting (AT) forward looking infra-red (FLIR) rangefinder. The Arca. IV project, under the auspices of top researchers, looked to replace the first variant’s mediocre sensors with newer technologies, and the crux of this project manifested itself as the 4th Generation FLIR featured on the newer Cougar variant. The new FLIR is wholly conformal and integrated with the hull, meaning the only visible part of the new system is the circular transceiver. The new package includes a fire support sensor system (FS³), featuring a modular laser designator which allows for much more accurate engagements. The FLIR ‘box’ is designed as a canister with a rotating ball, carrying the transceivers, which is stabilized on three axis and has an azimuth as wide as the turret of the tank allows it to seek (near 120 to 135 degrees), as well as +30 and -120 elevation. In detection this 4th generation FLIR is capable of three times the abilities of 1st generation FLIR, while in classification it has over four times the capabilities. One of the major breakthroughs which attributes to this increase effectiveness was established during at least two years of testing by individual companies in Arras. This was a dual band quantum well (QWILP) device which splits the MWIR (3-5µm) into two subsections of colors, which yields better renders, meaning better classification at longer ranges. Further research on the subject was conducted when the project was transferred from the team in Arras to a secondary project team in Fedala who had become the most celebrated research group on heterodyne techniques and laser rangefinders. A secondary and smaller transceiver was added into the cylindrical apparatus that made up the Arca. IV’s miniature rangefinder. This fielded a CO2 laser rangefinder using chirp pulse compression and working in the 10µm spectrum, which gave the advantage of eliminating eye hazards and increased transmission efficiency through mists and hazes, including the aerosol launched by many active protection systems. With an aperture diameter of 2.3 centimeters the transceiver gained reliable returns from a range of ~11 kilometers. The two separate rangefinders are fitted, as said before, into the same FLIR apparatus and both work cooperatively and feed cooperatively into the fire and control computer systems, meaning the new FLIR has a much easier time finding, reading, recognizing and returning targets than comparable systems used in other countries. The small dome around the two transceivers of the FLIR is built out of high energy cooled sapphire for its high hardness and resistance against thermal shock. The new FLIR rangefinder has a maximum targeting range of ~13 kilometers and a classification range of ~8 kilometers. The new technology increases the operator’s mobility in rain, snow or fog, both in day and night, and can see better through battlefield obscurants, including dust, sand and smoke. The new FLIR is designed to maximize survivability most of all, and with the given classification ranges theoretically the Cougar would be able to strike first, completing one of the prerequisites for surviving on the modern battlefield. Something that has been used time and time again, and to great effect, has been millimeter radar. This time it has been used in conjunction with an all new active protective system on the Arca. IV explained above in this document. However, the development of radar on armored vehicles in the Empire deserves its own small vignette, especially considering the important part they have played in armored technology and how they are slowly being replaced by better infra-red laser rangefinders and laser radar applications. It’s a rather unfortunate phenomenon, especially given radar’s beautiful addition to the wellbeing of the tank, but it’s slowly being supplanted by newer applications. Nevertheless, on the Cougar the new radar plays a series of very important roles. As explained before it serves as one of the primary threat detectors for the active protection system, but it also serves as a third application for range finding, target detection and target classification; and not just incoming warheads, but incoming armored vehicles as well. Indeed, the radar system on the Cougar is the only sensor capable of three hundred and sixty degree surveillance, except when the roof hatches are opened. The new design offers a compact millimeter wave radar emitter and receiver, originally designed to be mounted on a small unmanned aerial vehicle. It’s infused with the roof of the armor and protected by four segments of steel flaps, offering limited armor against threats of roof armor appliqués exploding and harming it with either an explosive or with fragments formed after the explosive reaction. Four miniscule transmitters are implanted in a bulbous formation which rotates actively within a reinforced sapphire dome. The actual dome only protrudes a few millimeters from the top of the vehicle; primarily to avoid drawing small arms fire, as well as early warning sightings of the Arca. IV. All four emitters have a single receiver at the top of the sapphire bulb. This new solution offers a versatile, small, yet powerful option for the Arca. IV, and provides it with much more powerful radar than the two older variants of the vehicle, and past tanks produced by Kriegzimmer and other companies during the Great Civil War. The MMW also acts as a foliage penetrating radar [FOPEN], offering it advantages in areas of high brush work, while millimeter wave radar has always had the advantage of being able to penetrate nonmetallic material, and the bigger advantage of having a broadband in the millimeter wave spectrum which would allow for several short waves that give strong reflections of plastic and metallic weapons at closer range, making it as a much better warning sensor for enemy infantry that are close by. The fire and control relies on an upgraded Cornerstone computer. The first generation cornerstone was included in the Arca. I Cougar Main Battle Tank, which within itself was a generation above the Brass fire and control system which one can still see today in various international designs which had purchased the computer system from Kriegzimmer. The new Cornerstone features various aspects of the old Cornerstone. Although the entire process takes only milliseconds worth of time, it can be broken up into several distinct levels of operation. First, the FCS systems gather all low resolution imagery, infra-red imagery, high resolution imagery and infra-red imagery, radar information and sensor information. Using all of this the FCS system can detect vehicle position, orientation and range, as well as provide accurate ballistic solutions, and perform threat solutions with fast countermeasure expenditure. This information is displayed to the crew, communicated with tanks in the same information network, and translated into the tank armament, providing the Arca. IV with one of the best fire and control systems currently do date. The improvement on the system is mainly based around the inclusion of a conduct of fire calculator, which networks another fifteen computers which detect wind speed and direction, temperature, atmospheric pressure, apparent target motion, range data and the ballistic characteristics of the round. The new Cornerstone is also intertwined with enhanced position location reporting system [EPLRS], the BCIS [note crew section] and a sensor management system (SMS) which includes thermal, electromagnetic and acoustic management. Cornerstone is stabilized on two axes and provides with targeting data of up to eighteen targets at a time, prioritizing with what it is designed to think as the most dangerous target at the time. The inclusion of so much processing power and so many individual computers taking so many precautions allows the Arca. IV more accuracy when firing on the move. The entire Cornerstone system centralizes around a digibus central processing unit [CPU] which works on a military specific operating system [OS] – Sajer. As a cooperating process to the fire control system, the battle management system [BMS] is a multi-sensor-aided supplement to increase the accuracy and computing velocity of Cornerstone – that said, it should really be considered as an integral part of cornerstone. The BMS also helps further cooperation between battlefield control aircraft. Communication wise, as explained above, each crewman has a helmet mounted digital intra-crew communication system, composed of a fiber optic net within the tank. This should provide advantages over conventional communication systems, as well as protect against jamming equipment and such. For inter-tank communication the Arca. IV has a high encryption very high frequency [VHF] radio, as well as a satellite datalink for beyond tactical communications. Armour and defense: Armor: Throughout the tank project, even for the Ausva. A, although there was no home grown ceramic armor composite drawn up for the design at that time, there was a series of tests in Targul Frumos. This included a major conference on wave propagation in composite and ceramic armor, and the difference between said two armors, which would eventually allow engineers to decide on which to settle on for the Panzer. In the end, it was decided that to stop kinetic penetrations and chemical penetrations alike the best was ceramic armor, and there was a host of ceramics to pick from, as well as other composite materials. From this variety the final product, Cermin Armech Modulien [CAM], was produced. The actual ceramic of CAM is encased in two walls of improved rolled homogenous armor [IRHA]. True breakthroughs to harden the steel while keeping its ductility, weldability and relative low cost (to other materials). With the constant battle between armor and projectile it is imperative to look for greater strength in mass effectiveness – meaning, without the sacrifice of weight and space. According to ballistic testing using a tungsten penetrator fired out of a 105mm smoothbore, IRHA was superior to conventional RHA, while still having the ease of weldability, while surprisingly, a tested high hardness alloy, which had ~.30% carbon (the IRHA having ~ .26%; for weldability steel should normally have .24-.26% carbon) fell between the IRHA and RHA in resistance to the penetrator. Of all, IRHA proved ballistic superiority over RHA without increase in weight or space. The exact composition of IRHA would be .26 carbon, 3.25 nickel, 1.45 chromium, .55 molybdenum, .40 manganese, .40 Silicone, .009 Phosphorous, .002 sulfur, and this is normalized at 1700 F, and then air cooled, where they were austenitized at 1625 F and water quenched. Finally they were tempered at 925 F for Rc47 hardness, which showed superiority over Rc41 hardness. When put together to form CAM the IRHA is backed up by semi hardened steel and Armox 600, a type of high hardness steel in the Rc55 spectrum. Evidence suggests that the same penetrator striking an Rc47 Semi-infinite IRHA target at 1716 m/s would penetrate 107-109mm of armor. Originally titanium was chosen over both rolled homogenous armor and improved homogenous armor, but the cost of not only producing and properly welding the titanium was far over the budgetary requirements of the unit, while it would prove even more expensive to test titanium with different alloying, including carbon and molybdenum, both of which are used in steel and titanium to increase hardness without sacrificing ductility. Improved rolled homogenous armor proved to be superior in cost and provided a readily available solution to improving CAM. In a 2014 test in Dalmatia it was decided that the ideal ceramic would be of low density to reduce total weight, while it would be high in shear moduli, compressibility and high bulk. A separate conference in 2015 on wave propagation in ceramic found that high tensile strength was also just as urgent to avoid fracturing of the ceramic during impact. In the end three different ceramics were chosen for the job, including sintered silicon carbide [SSiC], Titanium Di-Boride, and Alumina Zirconia. Each of the ceramics during manufacturing is prestressed, increasing resistance to impact and to subsequent shockwaves. The idea is that even should the ceramic crack, because of the confinement of the volume and location, the ceramic’s resistance is still kept, meaning that the armor would not be a one use wonder. The Alumina is arranged first to make use of the alloys excellent poisson’s ratio, which would mean that the alloy would simply compress and powder upon impact, reducing the kinetic energy of a projectile, and breaking up a jet from a high explosive anti-tank warhead, or a similar weapon system. The silicon carbide is arranged second as a neutral buffer to offer slightly less resistance, but at a lesser weight. The idea is that although the silicon carbide performs the job less adequately than the alumina, the fact that the alumina had already attracted much of the energy of the penetrator, the light weight of the silicon carbide would actually lessen the weight of the entire armored scheme, and because it didn’t have the face that same power as the first layer, it wouldn’t undergo the same dangers. The final layer gives the pure force against kinetic penetrators, with high compressibility, but with less chance of powdering, meaning the ceramic is centrally designed to totally stop the projectile. The Titanium Di-Boride also has the less chance to fracture, making it a perfect candidate for the job. Ballistic testing in Targul Frumos also proved the value of fiber reinforcement of ceramics and compounds alike, and so the entirety of CAM is laced with fiber reinforcement, putting the icing on what has been proven to be an extremely effective armored scheme. Originally, depleted uranium [dU] was planned to be alloyed into the confining steel, but instead it was opted to simply stick dU rods at certain intervals which would increase the chance of the rod ricocheting faster, or at least induce greater amounts of yaw on the round. The decision between the two methods of including dU into the armor are not fully understood to physicist, but it is understood that the older chobham, which CAM is largely based off, used either modules of dU or dU rods and gained greater chances of slowing and skewing the rod than by inserting the dU during the heating of the steel, which is evident in the Leclerc’s armor scheme. The study of the impact ballistics of the two will be studied, and it is possible to see a change in a future variant (see below). As common practice on armored vehicles of the current generation, engineers decided to cover the passive ceramic armor with a reactive armor on top. In the summer of 2028, during the design of the Ausva. A, Kriegzimmer conducted a test which decided on the protection capability of dual flying plates against long-rod penetrators, which are by far the greatest threat to modern tank forces given the doctrine of most of the international world. It was decided that although a dual plate explosive reactive armor was superior to a single plate explosive reactive armor, the results yielded by the plates moving in opposite directions were not necessarily all that superior. However, mass efficiency could be reached through making the rear plate as heavy as possible. Consequently, the rear plate is roughly 48.5mm thick, while the front plate is around 25mm thick. These two plates are separated by tightly packed explosives which would force the front plate towards the penetrator and the rear plate away from the penetrator. This concept endured further testing in 2015 at Mandalay and it was decided that the effects of the first plate would be sufficient enough so that the second plate would put up quite a bit of resistance against a long-rod penetrator, that by this time would have either been turned, snapped, or would have lost much of its momentum. The explosive is actually piled forward, with the rear plate and the explosives separated by three thinner inner plates which are said to be segmented, meaning that they are intended to detonate separately. This ultimately means that the blocks may be reusable, although given the strength of modern penetrators, this would be a less frequent occurrence. The effects are said to be maximized at a minimum slope of 60 degrees. In any case, only about 95% of the front of the tank is protected, most notably leaving parts of the bottom of the turret, and mantel, without protection due to the fact that the blocks would impede the depreciation of the main gun. About 80% of the sides and rear are protected. The Arca. IV is also one of the first and few tanks to employ a roof appliqué explosive reactive armor system. This of course is lighter than the heavy ERA fitted as appliqué to the front, sides and rear of the tank, but nonetheless offers a substantial increase in protection of the roof, one of the weakest areas of any vehicle. The fact that the turret roof is relatively completely flat, having the roof hatch at the rear, allowing the gun to depress, means that more of the roof can be effectively protected by light explosive reactive armor. The system uses 7.6 x 11.9mm blocks with two parallel plates lined with explosives underneath. The plates are designed to explode outward, offering ~four times the protection as RHAe [against HEAT] given the ~90 degree sloping of the roof. Nevertheless, the roof mounted ERA appliqué offers an interesting, innovative and effective method of negating the advance of smaller submunitions used in tank killing. Nevertheless, the system is defeated through the use of the tandem warheads on top attack anti-tank guided missiles – but some protection is better than no protection. Underneath both the explosive reactive armor and the CAM there is a spall liner which offers the ultimate layer of defense for the crew, attempting to avoid hazardous and very hot fragments of penetrators pouring into the crew cabins. Two options were originally available, Kevlar and Steltexolites, and in the end the fact that Kevlar offered similar protection against fragments at just ¾ the density, it was chosen over the latter, although the latter provides greater protection against armor piercing shells. Nevertheless, arguably, the first two layers would provide the most critical defense, and if the round was able to penetrate this then it would most likely be able to penetrate the spall liner as well. However, by 2017 Spectra Shield and Dyneema has been successfully tested in places such as the naval proving grounds at Targul Frumos, and both achieved similar results as Kevlar but at ¾ the weight. Consequently, it was finally decided to adopt Dyneema, which had seen past use in German armored fighting vehicles, while it also boasts comparable resistance to fiberglass at 1/3 the density. The front turret is cast with an internal cavity that is filled with confined quartz and glass reinforced fibers. The turret reinforcement armor is known as “Idaisu”. The quartz is more accurately quartz sand like filament, produced of a type of quartz gravel, asphalt and wood-flour type composite, and this entire composite resembles a fused silica. Ballistic testing has proved this superior to rolled homogenous armor, with a total effectiveness of around ~1.7 mass wise against kinetic energy, and at least ~3.4 mass effectiveness against HEAT warheads. This reinforcement is completely integrated with the turret corners, mantlet and weakened zones. Similar, if less effective, reinforcements include the filler in the prototype of the T-95, an experiment American tank designed during the Second World War, as well as corundum armor which first debuted with the T-64A and saw an enhanced version in the T-80U-M1 Snow Leopard, which was originally conceived as fiberglass enclosed in steel layers. Idaisu improved on both versions of corundum by using a triple hardness steel composite [the same used for CAM], as well as better confinement – newer manufacturing techniques has also allowed to lighten the composite, and it provides a good armor to place directly under the areas protected by the grenade canisters used by the Giod hard-kill active protection system. Furthermore, the use of glass reinforced fibers as opposed to the Soviet steklotekstolit, which is a similar, if older material used in Combination-K, or corundum. Questioning ensued in the project on the actual purpose of the Idaisu, seeing as how adding CAM to the turret, replacing the Idaisu, would increase resistance. It was finally reasoned that the lighter mass of the Idaisu, while keeping similar densities, if less mass effectiveness, would mean that the turret could be reasonably reinforced in the mantlet, weakened zones and turret corners without seriously forcing the turret to be overweight. It would also mean that the tank could complete the one most important aspect of the Nakil relevant to the armor. The trend was to rearrange the armor from the side and rear to the front, which was more or less a global trend as well. It was found that most impacts were on the mantlet, weakened zone and the upper glacis, which is why generally we find these areas to be the most armored on modern main battle tanks since the 1960s. This was further bolstered by explosive reactive armor in some countries, depleted uranium in others and spaced armor in others, depending on national views and army requirements. However, recent anti-tank guided missile threats and more modern targeting computers that have caused a revolution in armored warfare have been changing the most threatened location of the tank from the front to the side and rear. This is one of the reasons for active protection systems, which forces tankers to think outside the frontal arc of the tank. However, the Panzer VII goes one step further and again rearranges the armor. The ultramodern materials used with CAM and new techniques improving heavy explosive reactive armors [HERA] allow for high armor ratios in the traditional areas of the tank, while also allowing for the rearrangement of armor to the sides and rear without adding too much weight. In other words, the Nakil sacrifices frontal armor, without actually sacrificing survivability, and shifts the armor to the once extremely unprotected sectors of the tank. Through the use of lightweight and efficient armors in the front, including Idaisu, while providing sufficient mass efficiency through CAM and the advance HERA, the Panzer VII offers awesome protection, and does not forget about the rest of the hull. In fact, the Panzer VII is the first tank to take these measures and will most likely cause new trends in armor design throughout the world. To finalize the order of armor, the Panzer VII completes itself with a thin layer of armor protecting the bottom of the vehicle to increase crew survivability in case of an exploding mine. The new armors, rearrangement of said armor, and added armor in the bottom should increase the survivability of both the vehicle and crew incrementally, especially with growing technologies in steel and ceramic. New Armour and Defense Upgrades The hull structure remains the same constructed out of improved rolled homogenous armor. Brand-new 1A3s will have the hull sides strengthened, however, while upgraded tanks will have add on plates welded, in order to allow the installation of a heavy explosive reactive armor over the hull. The added plates are meant more to stop the remainder of the jet or the penetrator which is not defeated by the reactive armor than to survive the moving back plate (the hull was already strong enough to withstand this degree of impact loading). This reactive armor is not as heavy as the Asteriox armor used on past tanks, but is similar. However, it uses only one titanium flier plate, with a single bulging perforated ultra-hard steel (600 BHN) plate (20mm) acting as a spaced layer between the forward-moving flier plate and the rear-moving back plate of the explosive reactive armor. On top of the explosive reactive armor is the tank’s main mass of composite-metal hybrid armor, including both passive and reactive elements (although not explosive). Instead of opting to use just one type of ceramic, Nakil instead use a gradient, or multiple types of ceramics to combine the abilities of each. Nevertheless, the bulk of the used ceramic is boron carbide, as is used on the Lince main battle tank, for it’s low bulk density. In order to increase protection against shaped charge warheads, the second part of the gradient is composed of pyrex, which has an even lower density than boron carbide. The boron carbide is backed by a thick layer of rolled homogenous armor in order to protect against the spalling of the ceramic tiles. In the Nakil metal has been used more than in past incarnations of the tank, and this time in the form of ‘triple hardness metal’ (as opposed to steel) – this includes a thin layer of very hard steel (500 BHN) to break the projectile, a second layer of aluminum dotted with nuggets of boron carbide to provide a strength which can be compared to armored steel (see: Zhang, Haitao, et. al., Superlightweight Nanoengineered Aluminum for Strength Under Impact, Advanced Engineering Materials, Volume 9, Number 5, 2007) and a third layer of perforated aluminum. It should be all steels have also seen radical improvement through the introduction of carbon nanospheres, much like the boron carbide nuggets in aluminum, which can withstand shock pressures of close to 250 tons per square centimeter (see: Eshel, David, Power Shields: Bomb-killing ceramics and nanomaterials improve vehicle protection, Defense Technology International, March 2007). All of this will radically increase protection or allow for a great decrease in weight – the latter being the optimal solution. Finally, the armor includes a top layer of heavy explosive reactive armor, similar to Asteriox in composition, although made with titanium flier plates to decrease weight. Thicknesses vary from location to location, but as expected the thicker modules are located in the front 90º of the tank, with thinner modules protecting between the 90º arc line and the 120º arc line. Like in previous tanks, however, lightweight special armor has been used to increase protection of the rear of the vehicle without sacrificing weight – although costs, as can be expected, spiral upwards. In the case of the rear of the vehicle the gravest threats are infantry small arms projectiles with steel and tungsten cores, as well as rocket propelled grenades and anti-tank guided missiles. The latter are almost near impossible to protect with, especially with physical armor, but the damage done by impacting rocket propelled grenades can be attenuated to a large scale – as long as most of the energy of the grenade’s shaped charge warhead is consumed during penetration. Consequently, the rear side and rear armor is made up primarily of a layered composite armor –a low-density pyrex front-plate, backed by S-2 glass and aluminum foam. The composite armor is protected by a thin steel plate against 8mm tungsten-core armor-piercing projectiles, to offer the vehicle basic survivability against these types of threats; the armor as a hole can defeat up to 20mm anti-material projectiles! Like in past tanks, the roof armor is still protected by light explosive reactive armor to defeat top-attack explosively formed penetrators and light anti-tank missiles. Furthermore, the vehicle’s floor has been modified by a new shallow v-shaped steel plate welded together with a hardened weld crest’to deflect the blast of anti-tank mines and improvised explosive devices; the suspension has not been modified, given that it’s an active hydropneumatic suspension and the crew can modify the vehicle’s height from the ground as necessary. The tank commander’s remote weapon station emplacement, which allows the client to choose the RWS of choice, is now protected by a transparent gun-shield, which offers high protection against anti-armor projectiles of up to 13mm in caliber. The gun-shield covers the gunner on the front and on the sides and is composed of a front-plate of aluminum oxynitride, with several inner layers of polycarbonate the armor is very similar to the technology used to armor MecániCas’HIM-TEC design. The gun-shield is designed not to intrude in the roof’s armor and to work cooperatively with the explosive reactive armor; to appease clients, the gun-shield is also rated against fragments from the reactive armor, in the low probability that one of the bricks overreacts. In this way, the tank commander can operate the remote weapon station from inside the vehicle as designed and from an overhead watch position without fear of being killed by stray gunfire, a dedicated ambush or even a sniper. It should be noted that the active protection system has seen a new modernization by Indra-Begón and is now known as GIOD Mk. III. This includes a new type of grenade that instead of using fragmentation to destroy inbound warheads, it uses the shockwaves of the blast. Consequently, the threat to nearby dismounted infantry has been radically reduced to the point where it’s no longer a relevant issue. Furthermore, the original radar mast has been eliminated, reducing the turret’s profile, and replaced by six sensors located around the tank operating in the x-band to track incoming threats. The protection system is otherwise the same and offers 360º protection for the Nakil. In modification packages the new grenades will simply replace the old grenades, as the same launching system is used, and the radar will be eliminated and replaced with the new iteration. Juggernaut Type- Infantry Fighting Vehicle 3 (Driver, Commander, Gunner) Dismounts- 9 fully equipped infantry Length- 9.1 meters Width- 3.3 meters Height- 2.6 meters Weight- 59 tons Power Plant- 1x Dat'Pizdy Mak-INV Automotive 4EVR1990 SureFire twin-turbocharged four-cycle multi-fuel diesel engine producing 2,000hp Range- 500 miles (with full fuel, standard load, and ideal conditions) Speed- 55 MPH (Road) 40 MPH (Off-road) Armament- -1x 57mm CTA CETA.57 ETC Hypervelocity Chain Gun, 200 rounds -1x Four-cell ATGM pod for Panzerschreck Ausf.C ATGM, 6 rounds stowed -1x 15.7x131mm MGM2C coaxial machinegun w/250rds of ammunition ready, additional 500rds stowed -5x 12-cell 57mm Grenade Launchers -2x 8-cell 82mm VIRSS Smoke Grenade Launchers Electronics- -IOV-I Commander's Independant Thermal Viewer -PAV-II Commander's Periscope -CIDCS Commander's Digital Camera Suite -AVA.I Commander's Personal Weapon Station -GST-VI Compound Main Sight -VRL-IX Laser Range Finder -AR-T-41A Millimetric Wave RADAR -AFCS-3A Fire Control -DDT-IV Driver's Periscope -DDT-XI Driver's View Suite (Digital Cameras) -NT-XVI Navigation Suite -ARS-31G Communications Suite -DAV Active Countermeasures Suite/Active Protection System Armament The Juggernaut sports a remote controlled turret equipped with a 57mm CTA electro-thermal chemical hypervelocity chain gun, designated the CETA.57. The CETA.57 was designed with the past experiences of Panzergrenadier forces in mind. It is capable of engaging and destroying the vast majority of infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers fielded by foreign armies, and its large 57mm round and rate of fire (adjustable between two-hundred, three hundred, and four-hundred fifty rounds per minute) make it perfect for use in urban combat against dug-in infantry. Perhaps more importantly, the Marder II's turret allows for the CETA.57 to elevate at angles up to seventy-degrees, allowing for it to engage targets on the roofs of buildings as well as giving it potential as an anti-aircraft system. The cannon utilizes a dual-feed system allowing for two different types of ammunition to be used, the most popular being armor piercing discarding sabot (APDS) and electronically fused high explosive (EFHE), the later being a ballistically capped high explosive fragmentation round with a modular fuse, capable of being set to burst in midair, to burst on contact, or even to burst after penetration of the target. Other rounds include normal high explosive-incindiery (HE-I) and armor piercing-incindiery (AP-I). The cannon's use of cased telescoping ammunition (CTA) allows for not only a larger amount of ammunition to be stored, but for a smaller cannon all together, making more room for the battery, ammunition, and electronics. Other armament housed within the Juggernauts turret include a 15.7x131mm MGM2C coaxial heavy machinegun, allowing for the vehicle to engage more lightly armored vehicles such as trucks and light armored personnel carriers without having to expend ammunition from the CETA.57, as well as providing the vehicle its primary solution to infantry targets. When faced with enemy main battle tanks, the Juggernaut utilizes a four-cell pod for Panzershreck anti-tank guided missiles, allowing for it to defeat the armor of virtually every known main battle tank fielded. Armor MoSAiC V3: Front and Upper Glacis Armor: Face: The face of the armor is made up of silicone glazed AMAP-B composite sandwiched between layers of perforated AerMet 100. Spacing: An elastic polymer foam backed by rubber and steel is used to space the armor. Heavy Metal Module: Behind that lie perpendicularly placed rods of titanium coated nanocrystalline tungsten/cobalt, which are pressed into a silicone elastomer bed sandwiched between layers of AerMet 100 and reinforced with the same titanium carbide monofilaments found in the core. Core: The core of the armor is made up of a layer of graphite faced amorphous silicon carbide and AerMet 100 isostatically pressed between a silicone elastomer bedded Ti-6Al-4V metal matrix composite reinforced with monofilament titanium carbide, which extends through the core to increase homogeneity. This entire assembly is then sandwiched between two layers of AerMet 100 hardened to 52 HRC. Core backing: The core is backed with a layer of titanium carbide monofilament reinforced AerMet 100 hardened to 52 HRC. Integral Armor: Titanium MMC and ceramic plates backed by a metallic foam/elastomer sheet between two layers of AerMet 100. Provides protection against 15.7x131mm heavy machine gun rounds. Hull: Welded structural steel, surrounding and isostatically pressed into the integral armor. Spall Liner: Boronated Spectra spall liner. Side, Glacis and Rear Armor: The side and rear armor on a tank has to be thinner than armor on the front of the tank. Thus, a different configuration has to be used. Side/Glacis Armor: The Integral Armor, combined with the hull of the tank and the spall liner, can stop up to 25mm APFSDS from penetrating the side. But given the proliferation of heavy ETC autocannons on NS, more armor to the sides had to be added. Side and Bottom Glacis: Face: The faceplate remains the same, silicone glazed AMAP-B composite sandwiched between layers of perforated AerMet 100. Spacing: The spacing also remains the same. Core: The core is made out of graphite coated, monolithic fiber impregnated amorphous silicon carbide blocks bonded between two thin sheets of Ti-6Al-4V. This is fairly light and offers good protection against HEAT warheads. Core Backing: The core is backed by a sheet of Ti-6Al-4V. Then follows the integral armor of course. Rear: The rear is protected by the integral armor, a thin layer of ALON and a thinner layer of the faceplate. Floor: The floor armor is composed of two 12.7mm thick steel plates sandwiching a layer of ALON. The entire array is backed up by the integral armor and spall liner. Add-On Armor: *Appliqué: The appliqué uses pieces of ALON and rubber sandwiched between Ti-6Al-4V plates. *Side Skirts: The side skirts are the same as the faceplate armor. *Explosive reactive armor: Asteriox explosive reactive armor mounted along the front and front corners of the hull and along the face of the turret. *Slat armor: Mounted to the engine to protect against RPG-type weapons. Centurion Sh92 Multi-Launch Rocket System Class: Multiple Rocket Launcher Dimensions Weight, Combat: 60,420kg Length: 6.94m Width: 3.77m Height: 3.54m Armament Main Armament: 1x Sh96 294mm Multiple Rocket Launcher Module, 26 Rockets Secondary Armament: 2x Sh94 7.7mm GPMG, 8400 Rounds Tertiary Armament: 16x Anteck Multipurpose Grenade Launchers Engines Main Engine: Axon 48.2 litre V12 Multifuel, 1780hp at 3000rpm/ 45.9-litre MYS V8 Diesel, 1756 or 1810hp at 2770rpm APU: MYS Straight-3 Multifuel, 37hp at 4560rpm Protection Composite IRHA/TiB2/IRHA, DU Mesh-Titanium, Steltexolite, ERA, NERA, Slat Armour - ORDEN Fighting Vehicle Countermeasures System Performance Top Speed: 50.67mph (81.55kph) Top Speed, Cross-Country: 41.57mph (66.9kph) Acceleration, 0-20mph (0-32kph): 5.1 seconds Road Range: 360miles (580km) Armour The Sh96/92's standard armour system is as follows; - Frontal Arc: 140mm ETC at extreme range depending on angle of impact, 140mm at short-medium range, 120mm ETC at short range, 120 mm at suicidal range (20 metres or less) - Sides and Top: 105mm ETC at suicidal range, 120mm ETC at short range - Rear, Launcher and Floor (comparative): 105mm ETC at short to medium range, 120mm at short range Armament A number of variants have appeared, all concerning rocket chambering. - Sh96. Standard Variant, 26x 294mm Rockets. - Sh96B. 26x 300mm Rockets. - Sh96C. 34x 227mm Rockets. - Sh96D. 38x 220mm Rockets. - Sh96E. 46x180mm Rockets. - Sh96F. 62x127mm Rockets. - Sh96G. 80x109mm Rockets. Countermeasures The Sh92 incorporates the still relatively new ORDEN countermeasures system, an Drakan system similar to those of many other nations and operating on the same principle. It detects threats by millimetre-length RADAR and LIDAR, with sensors on hull and turret providing 360° coverage, each working in tandem to protect each other against anti-countermeasures and for extra reliability and detection. The system can react in milliseconds, as low as 0.377 seconds. It works by hard and soft kill; the system has a catalogue of missiles and the ability to recognize them, engaging the most dangerous and nearest of those first. If the tank has standard armour thick enough to withstand the missile on the bearing it is headed, fewer or no countermeasures will be taken against it. Soft kill consists of a laser dazzler, electro-optical jamming, electronic jamming, and chaff. Hard kill deploys specially-designed fragmentation grenades and also has the ability to electronically detonate some of the ERA bricks if applicable, prematurely. More than two grenade-launchers are never fired simultaneously, so that reserves are always available to further counter the threat. ORDEN incorporates a quadrille-redundancy jamming system. KTL 125 Self Propelled Howitzer Specifications Manufacturer: Stahl Land Industries Crew: 3 (commander, gunner and driver) Dimensions – Length (hull): 7.1m Contact with the Ground: 4.9m Width (hull): 3.65m Height (to roof): 2.25m Vertical Deflection Range: 550mm Weight: 23,700 kilograms Main Armament – Gun: CBH.790 160mm L/50 liquid propellant howitzer Length: 8m Extended Recoil Length: 550mm Muzzle Break: Single-chamber muzzle break (70% efficiency) Angle of Fire: -3º - + 70º Traverse: 360º Rate of Fire: 12 rpm Ammunition: 50 rounds in the chassis Secondary Armaments – HammerFist remote weapon system 16x 76mm grenade launchers 3x 7mm short assault rifles Engine: TA series 600 900hp hybrid gas turbine Volume: .63m3 Output: 900hp (minimum) Transmission: Industria Mecánica Real IMR-8020-30 hydrokinetic transmission Efficiency: 83% Suspension: Hydropneumatic Tracks: MecániCas Type 640 NBC: One filter. Air conditioning system. Sealed. EMP Protected Fire Protection: Two fire extinguishers. Range: 550km Slope: 65º Vertical Obstacle: 1.4m Wading Capability: 1.5m Amphibious capability with preparation: 4.5m Preparation time: 45 minutes Cost: $4.3 million G17 Self-Propelled 254mm Mortar The G17 is the first in a line of self-propelled mortars released by Krieg Industries, and is one of the largest mortars to be actively fielded by any modern army in extensive numbers. That said, the weapon is loosely based off the 2S4, the largest self-propelled mortar to be fielded prior to the fall of the Soviet Union, although restricted by severe limitations forced upon it by poor Soviet engineering in the area, including a very limited traverse, and a lack of general protection for the crew do to the open mount. The G17 looks to improve and generally outdo its Soviet counterpart, as well as provide the Union with what would be its first true indegenous mortar design. The G17 also has improved shell (bomb) technology, and is immensely more accurate than any of its predecessors. That said, the G17 also sports a higher rate of fire, a better built water cooling system, and increased range. The first units began to roll off the production lines, comissioned for the Army. The gun's bore is 254mm wide, or 10in, while it rises to a length of 5,340mm [5.43m]. The gun is contructed out of high grade steel, and lined with lightweight chromium, increasing the amount of barrel pressure applicable from the propellant. The G17s gun can withstand a tested 675MPa worth of pressure, allowing for larger propellants to fire larger rounds, and increasing barrel life. The solid propellant uses the full length of the barrel and the full volume of the gun to achieve maximum range if needed, and to allow greater wights worth of high explosive shells. The solid propellant itself is detonated when the shell is loaded into the breech, and the pressure of the round sets off a pin which sets off the propellant. This makes the system slightly more complex than a standard mortar tube, but allows for much simpler insertion mechanics. That said, the gun still acts as a mortar by keeping high-arcing ballistics. The trunnions are located on either side of the tube, in two vertical cylinders around the collar. The entire vehicle is protected by a thin 18mm layer of advance modular armour protection [AMAP], offering roughly 36mm worth of RHAe on the glacis, around 17mm RHAe on the side, and around 8mm in the rear, providing enough protection against small arms, although higher calibre rounds can still penetrate the hull. That said, the system is not designed as a frontline vehicle, and is designed to operate in a protected artillery company. The crew is protected by a thin roof, which forces the rear of the gun to be elevated, but allows the crew protection. The roof is covered by blast shields, while any windows are strong enough to withstand the overpressures and other effects associated with the firing of 254mm mortars. The G17 can receive accurate information from aerial reconnaissance, and from ground based surface search penetrating radars. Fire and control is normally battery oriented, and a single gun, or a battery, can be called on by infantry and use coordinates to base fire. More modern alternatives include laser targetting and designation, as well as radar and other light based targetting systems, such as ladar and lidar, the former being the most used. That said, the rounds used are normally rocket propelled high explosive bombs, and the G17's nominal enemies include infantry in an open field or enclosed battle, as well as close range, or even point blank, artillery duties against fortifications in urban combat. The large calibre gun can also knock out light armoured fighting vehicles, such as many armoured personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, and the range of the gun gives the G17 an advantage over similar systems in this case Artillery Rounds HE Round Description: The High Explosive shell is merely an empty casting full of Octagen using a small brazen fuse, although there have been claims that the Army has issued the same round without the fuze, dispersing it randomly within stockpiles of the round; the idea is to defeat shortstop equipped ordnance. Range: 80kms [standard]; 30kms [howitzer]; Velocity: Mach 4-6 Warhead: High Explosive Guidance: Inertial and GPS DPICM Round Description: The Extended Range Dual Purpose Improved Conventional Munition is the long range dispenser artillery round of the Army, able to carry up to seventy-two small anti-armor/personnel grenade submunitions. The round is capable of successfully engaging unarmored vehicles, soft skinned vehicles and personnel, at extremely long ranges, which amount to some forty kilometers for a howitzer and around eighty kilometers to one hundred kilometers for the advance field artillery system. The round is designed with GPS and inertial guidance, and's burst radius has been reduced to ten meters. The round has also been improved upon the XM982 design, incorporated rocket assistance. The anti-armour bomblets can effectively penetrate up to 130mm worth of armour. Range: 40kms [Howitzer]; 120kms [Field Gun ETC/EM assisted] Velocity: Mach 4 to Mach 7 Warhead: 72 Anti-Armor or Anti-Personnel Grenade Submunitions Fire Capabilities: Non Line of Site; Fire and Forget Guidance: GPS, Inertial, Millimeter Wave SADARM Round Description: This Sense and Destroy Armor Munition is an extended program to the M898 munition of the US Army. The round carries a host of anti-armor submunitions that release themselves on top of enemy light armoured vehicles, penetrating the top armour. How it works is that the round uses a parachute like device to slowly fall over the target and at a certain height, dictated by a range of sensors, the round divides into two sub munition penetrators that use their own sensors to search and destroy for enemy vehicles. When the target is located the submunition fires an explosively formed penetrator [EFP] at it. Under the best circumstances the TIR.21.155 SADARM has been able to destroy two vehicles with one round. Range: 35kms [howitzer]; 50kms [artillery]; 80kms [EM or ETC artillery] Velocity: Mach 4-7; terminal varies Warhead: Anti-armour submunitions Guidance: Inertial, GPS and Millimeter Wave HD Round Description: The HD shell, just like the TIR.11.155 HE round,l is merely an empty casting full of HD blister gas using a small brazen fuse, although there have been claims that the Army has issued the same round without the fuze, dispersing it randomly within stockpiles of the round; the idea is to defeat shortstop equipped ordnance. Range: 80kms [standard]; 30kms [howitzer]; 100kms [Corbulo] Velocity: Mach 4-6 Warhead: Blister Gas Guidance: INS, GPS RAAM Round Description: The Remote Anti-Armor Munition is designed to be able to carry anti-armor mine munitions far distances, allowing to set up remote mine fields within minutes, especially in the face of an enemy advance. The round, if produced by Kriegzimmer, carries a single type of mine, set off through sensors which detail pressure and proximity, being quite accurate, and rather hard to see and deactivate in time. They are not designed to destroy tanks but rather blow off parts of the tracks, allowing further artillery and other strikes to deal with the now stopped armour. The mine has a 48 hour lifespan. Range: 30 to 70 kilometers Velocity: Mach 2 to Mach 5 Warhead: Submunitions; 60 anti-tank mines Guidance: Inertial and GPS AFAP Round Description: The TIR.31 is a nuclear tipped Artillery-Fired Atomic Projectile, with rocket assist, offering it an excellent range. It's a mini tactical nuclear weapon, designed to destroy large amounts of enemy personnel and vehicles within single strikes. The shell has never been used by the Imperial forces, although it is always stockpiled as a possibility. The nuclear warhead also use the effect of extended radiation [ER] to increase the killing power of the shell. Range: 80 Kilometers Velocity: Mach 6 Warhead: Nuclear [small, 5 -10KT] Guidance: Inertial, GPS, Millimeter Wave StA-15 Advanced, Fire-and-Forget Anti-Tank Guided-Missile Name: StA-15 Advanced Fire and Forget Anti Tank Missile Classification: Anti-Tank Guided Missile Manufacturer: Stahl Arms Launch Platform: Shoulder-fired Length: 1200mm Diameter: 12.5cm Weight: 13kg (Missile) 9kg (Firing post) Speed: 300 m/s Range (Operational): 4000m Range (Minimum): 50m Flight Profile: Top Attack/Direct Attack Warhead: Tandemn HEAT Penetration: 850mm Powerplant: Two-stage solid fuel rocket motor (Boost/sustain) Guidance: Infrared imaging/short wave infrared electro-optical; fiber optic datalink Fuse: Contact fused Price: $10,000 (Firing post) $5,500 (Missile) Missile comes in a prepacked launch tube and is soft-launched. Launch post consists of thermal night sight and optical day sight (10x magnification), and is capable of being linked to the launcher via a wire if needed to allow for remote launches (multiple wires can be used with the launch post, allowing for multiple missiles to be fired remotely). The shoulder rest also acts as a bipod, folding out and allowing for the shooter to prop the tube up for remote fire. Fiber-optic datalink supplements electro-optical and IIR sensors, allowing for the shooter to update the missile's flight path mid-flight and acquire new targets, also allows for superb accuracy at extended ranges. The missile is also fully capable of fire-and-forget, allowing for the shooter to immediately relocate if needed, and the fire-and-forget mode is fully capable of being initiated mid-flight by the gunner if needed. A tripod is also generally issued with the weapon, allowing for a more stable launch platform. In addition to the ability to destroy targets such as tanks, armored fighting vehicles, and bunkers, Panzerschreckis also capable of attacking rotary and fixed wing aircraft flying at low altitude. A vehicle launched version, designated Panzerschreck, is capable of destroying targets at ranges up to 8000 meters. StA-16 Advanced, Fire-and-Forget Anti-Tank Guided-Missile Seeker: CCD/IR or dual CCD/IR Length MR/LR: 1.3m ER: 1.74m Range MR: 2.5km LR: 4.5km ER: 8km Weights MR/LR (canister): 15kg ER: 35kg MR/LR (firing post): 8.5kg ER (launcher): 30kg Tripod: 3.5kg Penetration: est. 1,900mm post explosive reactive armor Guidance: LOBL/LOAL Propulsion: Two-stage solid propellant rocket Maneuverability (LR/ER): Thrust Vector Control The AT-100 is best fired from a tripod, from a fixed location, or from a vehicle – it is not a ‘lightweight infantry anti-tank weapon’ (this job will be fulfilled by the AT-80); the AT-100 is a high-precision, highly-lethal anti-tank guided missile. The missile has several forms of attack, but the infantry versions (medium-range and long-range) use lock-on before launch (LOBL) guidance, while the extended range version offers both LOBL and lock-on after launch (LOAL) guidance; the advantage of the latter is mostly for helicopters, which allow them to fire the missile from the lowest possible altitude. The missiles use fire and forget guidance, taking advantage of a computer in the launcher and the warhead’s sensors to direct the missile without having to use the soldier to guide it by wire – the soldier follows the target for a few seconds and then fires. Two attack modes exist – direct attack (DA), meaning line of sight engagement (20 to 600m distance), and Overly Top Attack (OTA), with a maximum range of four and a half kilometers for the long-range variant of the missile (two and a half for the medium-range variant). Effectively, the TA-100 medium range missile is a 3rd Generation missile (fire and forget), while the TA-100 long range variant is a 4th Generation missile. 4th Generation missiles offer fire and forget, fire, observe and upgrade and fire and steer modes; the advanced seeker module also includes day sights (CCD) and night sights (IIR) and has advanced weather capabilities. The electro-optical seeker allows the missile to engage dug-in and entrenched targets, as well. Similarly, the extend-range version has a maximum range of eight kilometers! Fire and steer mode is mostly useful for vehicles and helicopters, since it allows the operator to steer the missile until the seeker can see the target through a wireless data link (this would still be considered LOAL). StAhl-3 Man-portable Air Defence System Designation: StAhl-3 Man-portable Air Defence System Classification: Man Portable Air Defense Launch Platform: Shoulder-fired Length: 1.5m Diameter: 7cm Weight: 22lb (Missile) 35lb (Complete system) Speed: Mach 2.4 Range (Operational): 8000m (Seeker head only) 12000m (External tracking systems utilized) Range (Minimum): 100m Cieling: 4500m Warhead: 7lb HE Fragmentation Powerplant: Two-stage solid fuel rocket motor Guidance: Infrared imaging/short wave infrared electro-optical; datalink Fuse: Laser proximity fused/contact fused Cost: $40,000 per missile ($5,000 for launcher) Notes: Missile is soft-launched. The seeker head features lock-on after launch (LOAL) capability. Missile is capable of datalinking with friendly units and recieving targetting data from external sources; is most often used in conjunction with light UAVs. Infrared imaging/electro optical seeker makes the MANPAD virtually impossible to spoof with infrared countermeasures. Launcher features optical/electro-optical day/night sight, capable of identifying aerial targets from a distance of 8000m and allowing for the missile to be utilized from this distance. Lu-09 Ground Support Multi-Role Drone Type: Multi role UAV Engines: 1x CFPW TC476 Geared Ultra high bypass Turbofan rated at 40kN (9000lbf) Service Ceiling: 18,500m Cruise Speed: 380knots/700kph Endurance: 24hrs+ Weights: Empty: 4400kg Loaded: 10,400kg Max takeoff: 12,100kg Max Fuel weight: 4000kg Length Fuselage: 14.2m Wing span: 30.6m Height: 5.2m Crew: none (2 at base station) Load: up to 3000kg of internal equipment/weapons Weapons: 1 internal weapons bay rated at up to 2000kg Equipment: (standard) CFES MK5132 multi spectral imaging system CFES MK2032S multi mode radar CFES MK9037S ESM package The Lu-09 is medium altitude low observable Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) designed to carry out a variety of roles including wide area surveillance intelligence and reconnaissance (ISR) and strike taskings. The Lu-09 is constructed primarily from carbon fibre based composites with some aluminium-lithium structural elements. Leading edges and other applicable areas are made up of Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM). The wings are slightly swept with a trailing edge crank and swept wing tips to improve aerodynamic efficiency and the leading edges of the wing and V tail are carefully aligned further reducing the aircraft’s Radar Cross Section (RCS). The primary RADAR Absorbent Material utilized in the Lu-09 are Schiff base salts. Derived from research by Carnegie-Mellon University, the material, which is a fine black powder physically resembling graphite, consists of a long chain of carbon atoms with alternating double and single bonds and a nitrogen atom interrupting the string near one end. The chain carries a positive charge, associated largely with the nitrogen atom. A negatively charged 'counterion,' made up of varying composition depending on the specific salt, sits nearby, weakly connected to the chain. The counterion prefers to sit in one of two locations near the chain. A single photon easily dislodges the counterion from one location and forces it into the other. A short time later, the molecule relaxes, and the counterion returns to its original position. Notably, certain salts required a very small amount of energy to shift the counterion - they could be triggered by RADAR energy of certain frequencies. As a result, the Schiff base salts are able to absorb radio waves, and dissipate the energy as heat. Supplementing the SBS in reducing RCS is an epoxyide applied to the airframe that reduces RADAR return through the use of non-organic microparticle absorbers embedded in the resin binder. Production of the material begins by coating 5-75 micron alumina spheres with a thin layer of silver and exposing the particles to selenium vapor at high temperature. The selenium reacts with the silver coating, which forms a film of silver selenide over the alumina sphere. This is loaded into the epoxyide matrix on a weight ratio of 1:1, which serves to enhance structural strength. Comprehensive studies into the absorptive qualities of the epoxyide appliqué indicate phenomenal performance – the silver selenide coated microparticles were found to reduce RCS by an astounding 20-25 decibels across the radio frequency range of 5-20 GHz. Also, the appliqué material shields the RADAR-transparent skin from being illuminated by hostile transmitters. Engine The TC476 Engine is the latest and smallest of CFPW line of highly efficient ultra high bypass designs. Instead of having 1 single large fan these engines have 3: 1 central fan in line with the main engine core and 2 side fans. This arrangement makes the engine much more compact and resolves problems with fan weight and tip speed involved in conventional high bypass engines. Each fan is also gearing allowing the engine to operate at maximum efficiency across its entire operating range. This engine is mounted in the rear portion of the aircraft with an S-duct intake. The exhaust nozzle is an adjustable convergent/divergent design and carefully mixes the cold bypass air with the hot core air to notably reduce the aircraft infrared signature. On the underside of the fuselage is an 11m long bay. Designed primarily to house up to 2000kg of munitions this bay can also be used to house additional fuel tanks (extending endurance to 36hrs) or specialist avionics including more sophisticated radar or camera sets. The basic sensor set is designed to offer a detailed wide angle surveillance capability. The main radar is capable of operating in Synthetic Aperture (SAR), Inverse Synthetic Aperture (ISAR) and Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) modes and can quickly build up detailed imagery of the ground, regardless of weather or battle field obscurants such as smoke, and project onto this various target indicators. Complimentary to the radar is the MK5132 Multi Spectral Imaging System. This is based on a number of Electro Optical and Infra Red sensors spread across the aircraft allowing full 360 degree coverage. For closer and more detailed imagery a main high zoom sensor is located in the nose. Finally the MK9037S Electronic Support Measures package automatically detects and classifies enemy emissions. The “take” from all 3 sensor systems is seamlessly combined and uploaded to the ground station by sat link giving an impressively detailed picture of what is happening across a wide swath of terrain. Due to the adaptable nature of the Lu-09, it can be easily configured for a number of specialist roles Lu-09B: this is a specialist AEW conversion, the main radar is removed and the weapons bay is covered over by a large faring that contains a MK1223 AESA radar giving a detailed air surveillance capability out to a range of 460km (250NM), a bit of space is left in the weapons bay and this issued for additional fuel Lu-09C: The Lu-09C is designed to work as a EW drone. The Lu-09C is equipped with a number of jammers designed to block ground forces RADAR/LIDAR/Data-links and digital communications. Edited May 23, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted October 12, 2013 Author Report Share Posted October 12, 2013 (edited) Drakan Army | Continued Hoplite Amphibious Armored Personnel Carrier Overview The Hoplite was designed to fill a massive gap in the Imperial Army's amphibious warfare capability. It is capable of carrying a reinforced rifle squad of marines into battle, from ship to shore, as well as being used as a standard armored personnel carrier for the advance inland. Its ability to hydroplane is a key asset, allowing for it to move across water at an astounding speed of 25 MPH and bring its precious cargo to shore far more quickly than other similar designs. The Hoplite is also designed to provide superb protection to the crew and dismounts, with the front hull capable of resisting 40mm API fire. The armor can further be reinforced with applique armor. The vehicle's armament consists of a pair of 37mm automatic cannons, each putting out some six hundred rounds per minute, along with a coaxial 4M2 medium machine gun, and a two-cell ATGM pod. These weapons are mounted on a remote weapons station along with the Hoplites forward looking infrared and other sensor systems. There is a command varient, and a mobile gun system variant, armed with a 125mm electro thermal chemical cannon to provide Drakan Marines with an amphibious medium tank. Type- Amphibious APC Length- 11m Width- 3.6m Height- 3.2m Weight- 40 tons Power Plant- 1x Imperial Motors D/ME.IIA Diesel-electric hybrid: 900hp (Land) 2,800hp (Water) 2x Waterjet propulsors Range- 390 miles (with full fuel, standard load, and ideal conditions) Speed- 40MPH (Road) 30MPH (Off-road) 25MPH (Hydroplaning) Crew- 3 (Driver, Commander, Gunner) Dismounts- 17 fully equipped infantry Armament- -2x 37mmx200mm CTA D/ACU.37G chain gun w/600rds of ammunition -1x 7.8x63mm 4M2 coaxial machinegun w/250rds of ammunition, additional 500rds stowed -1x 2-cell External Launcher for Corona ATGM -1x AAMDS Active Protection System -2x 8-cell 82mm VIRSS Smoke Grenade Launchers Electronics- -D/ADS-41A LIDAR/LADAR System -D/AR-T-41A Millimetric Wave RADAR -D/EOS-13D Electro-Optical System -D/HBS-53A 3rd Generation Forward Looking Infrared -D/CITV-I Commander's Independant Thermal Viewer -D/CIDCS Commander's Digital Camera Viewer -D/AFCS-3A Fire Control -D/ARS-31G Communications Suite -D/WRLR Laser Warning Reciever/Laser Defense System -ADLOSCS Direct Line of Site Communications Suite -D/EWV-4A Passive RADAR Detection/Jamming Suite -ABACS Active Countermeasure Suite Armor- Front: Resistant to 40mm API Side: Resistant to 15.7x131mm API Rear: Resistant to 12.7x99mm FMJ Top: Resistant to 12.7x99mm FMJ FLIDOR Tactical Flamethrower System Designation: FLIDOR Infantry Flame Thrower System Type: Flame-throwing rocket launcher system Caliber: 70mm Length: 35 inches (loaded) 27 inches (unloaded) Weight (w/OA.CVF): 28lb (loaded) 13lb (unloaded) Weight (w/out OA.CVF): 24lb (loaded) 9lb (unloaded) Guidance: N/A Range (ideal conditions): -Parabolic trajectory vs. open targets: 850m -Personnel (direct fire): 600m -Light vehicles (stationary, direct fire): 500m -Open fortifications (direct fire): 500m -Windows: 350m -Bunker aperture: 200m -Minimum safe distance: 15m Penetration: Negligable Kill radius: 15m (open area, far more effective vs. confined spaces) Warhead: 70mm Fuel Air Explosive Powerplant: Solid fuel rocket motor Speed: 150m/s Attack profile: Direct fire or parabolic trajectory The FLIDOR system (FLAMMADICIATOR) is a four-shot, reloadable flame-throwing rocket launcher. Nicknamed 'Trogdor' by Imperial troops, it was designed to supplement the Imperial rifle squad by providing it with a highly effective, highly accurate weapon capable of decimating enemy fortified positions and bunkers. Earlier, Imperial flamethrowermen had been equipped with the Diabolus system (AVA Blasa incendiery projector), which was a close range system. FLIDOR provides the same bunker-clearing capabilities with the advantage of greatly increased range and overall effectiveness. Fed from a four round rocket 'clip' consisting of four prepacked tubes containing prepacked 70mm incindiery rockets, the system is capable of being fired from enclosed spaces courtesy of the usage of the recoilless countermass principal. The rear of each tube is filled with plastic granulate, which effectively limits the backblast of the weapon, thus allowing for FLIDOR to be used from within fighting positions and buildings. The launcher itself was designed to be as light weight as possible, utilizing high-strength polymer over steel components where ever possible. Fully loaded without the advanced digital sighting system, FLIDOR weights in at just twenty-two pounds. An additional five pounds are added by the Oculus O.CVF digital sighting system generally issued with the weapon, although it must be noted that without the OA.CVF accuracy at range is severely decreased. T he OA.CVF weapon sight grants the FLIDOR gunner with unprecedented accuracy against bunkers and other difficult targets. Making of a tiny CPU system and laser range finder, the OA.CVF automatically adjusts for range as well as the current tube that is set to fire, ensuring that all four shots will be just as accurate. Provided that the gunner takes wind into consideration and isn't under suppressive fire, the fin-stabalized 70mm rockets are capable of being put through a bunker aperture from up to two hundred meters away, with targets such as windows, uncovered, positions, light vehicles, and infantry having considerably higher maximum engagement ranges. OA.CVF is even capable of calculating angle of fire for use with a parabolic trajectory, ensuring that the FLIDOR gunner is capable of employing his weapon to its maximum range if necessary vs. open area targets. The ammunition utilized by FLIDOR utilize a two-stage rocket motor, similar to that used by the Pilum anti-tank weapon. The FLIDOR's rocket features a single-stage thermobaric FAE (fuel air explosive) warhead designed specifically for use against confined space targets such as bunkers, where it is most effective via its overpressure and incendiery effect. Its kill radius vs. open area targets comes to approximately fifteen meters, which is also the weapon's minimum safe distance. FLIDOR's warhead arms after ten meters of flight Rhino Urban Combat Vehicle/Tank Support Vehicle Creating the Rhino was not a terribly difficult task for DDI engineers, as they already had an excellent platform to work with: the Imperator-II main battle tank. Like most front-line armored vehicles in Doomani service, the Rhino is based off of the versitile Imperator-II chassis. Surprisingly, the Rhino is actualy slightly heavier than the tank it is based off of despite sporting an unmanned turret. A good twenty-plus tons of applique armor and explosive reactive armor were piled onto the Rhino to bolster its already significant protection: Asteriox heavy ERA is mounted to the front, sides, and top of the chassis on top of extra bolt-on and weld-on ceramic and composite plates to render the Rhino excellent protection against both top-attack anti-tank weaponry as well as giving it superb protection when attacked from the side. Slat armor was applied over the engine compartment to further protect that area from rocket propelled grenades. The bottom of the hull was also significantly reinforced to protect from mines and IEDs. Other protection comes in the form of the DAV active protection system, which allows threats such as RPGs and ATGMs to be neutralized before they impact the vehicle. The DAV's 57mm grenade launchers also double as a close-range anti-personnel weapon in the event the Rhino finds itself surrounded by hostile infantry. In terms of armament, the Rhino boasts a level of firepower than few other vehicles can even come close to maintaining. The unmanned turret mounts a pair of battle-tested 57mm CETA.57 electro-thermal chemical chainguns, each capable of firing at a rate of up to 450 rounds per minute each, making for a total of 900 rounds of 57mm CTA going downrange per mintue. This is an armament package ideal for engaging fortified structures occupied by enemy personnel, and because the turret was designed to allow for its armament to elevate at angles up to 75 degrees, its twin autocannons are capable of sweeping occupied high rises of enemy troops. Mounted alongside these autocannons are a single 7.8x63mm MCS seven-barreled minigun, capable of a cyclic rate of fire of 4,200 rounds per minute. This stream of lead makes it the ultimate anti-personnel weapon, and when utilized in urban combat in tandem with the twin CETA.57s creates an extremely fearsome combination capable of engaging a wide variety of targets, ranging from infantry fighting vehicles to fortified structures to enemy personnel, and even low-flying aircraft. However, when faced with more heavily armored targets such as main battle tanks, the Rhino sports quad Corona anti-tank guided missile tubes, two mounted on either side of the turret. A new variant of the Corona, the Corona-U, designed specifically for destroying fortifications and buildings with its tandem high explosive/thermobaric warhead, is also compatable with the launch tubes and fire control system. In addition to these weapon systems, the Rhino mounts a pair of 4M2 general purpose machineguns: one of the MGs is mounted alongside the commander's periscope and laser range finder (the MG mount featuring its own fire control system to take advantage of the laser range finder), allowing for him to immediately engage any targets he spots that do not require the use of the minigun or the autocannons, allowing for multiple targets to be engaged at once. The other 4M2 is fitted to a powered mount on the driver's hatch alongside a laser range finder (allowing the weapon to be interfaced with the mount's fire control system) and slaved to his helmet-mounted HUD system (which allows for him to easily view the outside world through a bank of digital cameras and spot targets), allowing for him to engage enemy targets simply by looking at them while performing his duties as the vehicle's driver. As if that weren't enough, the Rhino mounts a pair of 40x53mm LG2 grenade machineguns in two seperate weapon stations in the hull, remotely operated by two extra gunners. Both grenade launchers have their own thermal and optical viewers, laser range finders, and fire control systems. Aquiring targets is made even easier when sensors fielded by the DAV active protection system are factored in: over a dozen infrared cameras dot the exterior of the tank providing a full 360 degree view. These cameras are tied to a CPU which process visual information, such as movement of personnel and muzzle flashes, as well as incoming rounds, and cues the crew visually in regards to incoming weapons fire. This allows for the crew to know where enemy fire is coming from within seconds, if not instantaneously, making the very act of shooting at Rhino a very dangerous task. pecifications Manufacturer- Doomingsland Defense Industries Type- Tank Support Vehicle Length- 9.1 meters Width- 3.3 meters Height- 2.4 meters Weight- 79 tons Power Plant- 1x Dat'Pizdy Mak-INV Automotive 4EVR1990 SureFire twin-turbocharged four-cycle multi-fuel diesel engine producing 2,000hp Range- 500 miles (with full fuel, standard load, and ideal conditions) Speed- 53 MPH (Road) 34 MPH (Off-road) Crew- 5 (Driver, Commander, Gunner, Two AGL Gunners) Dismounts- N/A Armament- -2x 57mm CTA CETA.57 Electro-thermal Chemical Hypervelocity Automatic Cannon, 1400 rounds -2x Two-cell ATGM pod for Cornix-V ATGM, 6 rounds stowed -1x 7.8x63mm coaxial MCS Seven-barreled Electrically Operated Minigun, 8000 rounds -2x 7.8x63mm 4M2 General Purpose Machineguns (roof and hull mounted, remotely operated), 800 rounds ready each, additional 2000 stowed -2x 40x53mm LG2 Grenade Machineguns (hull mounted), 400 rounds each -5x 12-cell 57mm Grenade Launchers -2x 8-cell 82mm Grenade Launchers Electronics- -IOV-II Commander's Independant Optronics Periscope -CIDCS Commander's Digital Camera Suite -GST-VI Compound Main Sight -VRL-IX Laser Range Finder -AR-T-41A Millimetric Wave RADAR -AFCS-3A Fire Control -DDT-IV Driver's Periscope -DDT-XI Driver's View Suite (Digital Cameras) -2x GST-LG Weapons Sights (AGL Gunners) -AVA-P Hatch-Mounted Weapons Suite (driver's hatch) -NT-XVI Navigation Suite -ARS-31G Communications Suite -DAV Active Countermeasures Suite/Active Protection System Design The designers of the Corvus had one thing in mind: survivability. On a battlefield, a war machine must be survivable, otherwise it is simply expensive scrap metal waiting to be blown to pieces. As a result, the ACI.37M utilizes a number of techniques to make on of the world's deadliest, sneakiest, and toughest attack helicopters. The most obvious feature of the Corvus is its use of a contra-rotor configuration, which allows for both greater effeciency and superior maneuverability in comparison to helicopters that use a conventional configuration (main rotor and tail rotor). Another advantage of the contra-rotor is the fact it doesn't have a tail rotor, traditionaly one of a helicopter's most vulnerable areas, especialy in an urban scenario. It also allows for a smaller, more compact airframe, as seen with the Corvus, which makes for not only a smaller target, but an aircraft that is far easier to transport into theatre via transport aircraft, as well as being suitable for flying off of naval vessels. The smaller airframe, while it meant a smaller target, also meant it required special crew accomodations. The problem of where to put the crew was something that continualy plauged the design team. However, they eventualy came up with a solution: The team stayed with the popular tandemn configuration, but, rather than place the pilot behind and above the gunner, he is placed in front of and at the same level as the gunner. This allows for the aircraft to maintain the same low profile. How does the gunner see anything, you may ask. The answer is quite simple. The gunner is immersed in an ocean of LCD and OLED monitors, granting him a complete three dimensional view of the outside without having to be seated up front. The reason for sticking the pilot of front rather than the gunner is also simple: if the aircraft's sensor systems were to fail or something were to go wrong with the monitor systems, he would be flying completely blind were he in the rear, meaning a less-than-lethal hit could result in the aircraft crashing into a tree. As a result, he was positioned to the front of the aircraft, giving him a better view of things. The cockpit itself is well armored, the pilot and gunner being isolated from one another via strong, clear plexiglass shielding, meaning that an explosion that kills the pilot won't nessesarily kill the gunner, and visa versa. The crew are seated in a 'titanium bathtub', reinforced with layers of ballistic ceramics, similar to that found on modern fixed wing close air support aircraft. This hardened shell is capable of taking up to 25mm high explosive rounds, meaning the crew is quite safe. This especialy comes in handy in the event of the crash, as the cockpit generally stays intact. The fuselage of their helo features extensive armoring in the form of titanium and ceramics, as do key areas such as the engines. These areas are virtualy immune to small arms fire and are resistance to cannon fire, boosting the aircraft's survivability. The ACI.37 is armored to survive hits from weapons up to 25mm HEI in caliber in vulnerable areas, such as the cockpit and engines. In addition to these systems, the ACI.37 features a number of passive systems to prevent enemy infrared guided weapons from targetting the aircraft. The entire helo is covered in infrared absorbant paint to prevent enemy infrared from tracking the aircraft. The helicopter's engines are protected by an infrared suppression system, designed to reduce the heat signature produced by the engines. Noise signature is greatly reduced thanks to the use of five rotor blades rather than four or two. Armament Armament. The most important part of any attack helicopter. The Corvus certainly doesn't lack this key component. From it's 33mm chin gun to its racks of countless missiles and rockets, the Corvus can easily deal with virtualy every threat on a battlefield. Previous models of the Corvus utilized the ACU.230H Helicopter Advanced Gun System (HAGS), a 23x135mm CTA gast-type cannon. Field experience demonstrated that the cannon was rarely used against targets that required extreme velocity to penetrate as was anticipated; rather, targets engaged by the Corvus' cannon were of the sort that would have been dealt with better had a larger round with more explosive filler be used. As a result, the ACI.37M features a brand new cannon firing a larger round, the new 33x120mm CTA cartridge. This is based off of the much larger Mekugian 33mm CTA round utilized in the A33 revolver cannon, which proved itself in Doomani service in the AG-6 Ballista close air support aircraft. This larger projectile allows for much more explosive filler to be used in high explosive rounds, making it a far more leathal weapon. The use of CTA ammunition allows the Corvus to carry an ample supply of ammunition without sacrificing killing power. The new cannon, the CA.33, is a fairly unique weapon, and one of Defense Industries' newest products. It is a chain-driven automatic cannon, meaning that as opposed to relying on the power of the cartridge to cycle the action, it utilizes an external power source. This makes for not only a greater degree of controllability, but also a far more reliable weapon, as misfires are simply ejected as opposed to jamming the weapon. The weapon's rate of fire is electronically adjustable, ranging from four hundred to eight hundred rounds per minute and anywhere in between. The weapon is also suprisingly light for its size and recoil is extremely low thanks to the weapon's use of a reciprocating barrel in its operation. This weapon, designed to act as the pilot's personal weapon system (and is tied to his helmet-based HUD, allowing for him to engage targets with the turn of his head), allows for the Corvus to engage immediate threats, such as infantry and light armor. However, the cannon's penetration power allows for it to penetrate the roof armor of most contemporary armored vehicles. A wide variety of ammunition, including DU sabot ammunition for superior penetration of armor, a high explosive incindiery round for general work, and a 33mm version of the electronically fused high explosive round (EFHE) popular with Doomani ground forces, which is capable of air bursting, contact bursting, and detonating after penetration (the round is also DU tipped to allow for better penetration in this manner). This is only the tip of the spear when it comes to the ACI.37's armament. The helicopter's primary killing arm is its Advanced Modular Helicopter Payload Delivery System (AMHPDS). This system consists of two stub wings upon which a number of armaments can be mounted: Underwing hardpoints: • 82mm rockets (20 per pod) • 57mm rockets (45 per pod) • ATGM mounts 6 (Panzerschrecktype) per mount) • Air-to-Air missiles (4) • Gun pod: 15.7mm minigun • Gun pod: 40mm grenade launcher Wingtip hardpoints: • Air-to-Air missiles (2) • ATGM mount (2, Panzerschreck) The system itself features two underwing pods per winglet plus wingtip mounts, allowing for any of the afformentioned weaponry to be mounted with ease. Imperial Aerospace currently offers laser-fused high explosive and flechette rockets in 57mm and 82mm. These rounds are capable of air bursting, contact bursting, and bursting after penetration, vastly increasing the effectiveness of these weapons. The actual weapon pods are semi-maneuverable, allowing for much easier targetting of unguided weapons. Propulsion The ACI-37's design team had one main goal for the aircraft when choosing the propulsion system: maneuverability. As a result, they looked no further than the old Kamov attack helicopters, notable for their incredible maneuverability at combat alititudes. This was achieved through the standard turboshaft-type engine system but with something a bit more exotic: the contra-rotor. With contra-rotating rotors, the aircraft doesn't use a tail rotor. Instead, it uses not one, but two main rotors, stacked up on top of one another, counter-rotating. This allows for a stubbier design, meaning a smaller target. It also allows for far greater maneuverability. In order to make for an even stealthier aircraft in the area of sound detection, the designers decided to use five blades per rotor head. This has been proven to produce far less overall sound when compared with four or two bladed helicopters, allowing for the Corvus to sneak up on unsuspecting ground personel with relative ease without having to worry about being heard from miles away. As for actual propulsion, the ACI-37 makes use of twin Imperial Aerospace D/TS-147A turboshaft engines, propeling the helicopter to a maximum velocity of 350 kilometers per hour. The engines both feature infrared suppresors as well as IR absorbant paint (along with the rest of the aircraft) Avionics The ACI-37M retains the MADHAT modular electronics architecture from the previous model of the Corvus, thus allowing for sensor and software upgrades to easily be applied to the aircraft at will, meaning that all previous Corvus models can be updated to ACI-37M standards. MADHAT is a comprehensive distributed computing solution which blends numerous and disparate sensor, mission-critical utility, and communications systems into a seamlessly integrated package. Every individual element of the ACI-37M's mission equipment is centrally processed by MADHAT with built-in self-diagnostic capability to simplify logistics. The modular nature of the architecture additionally reduces Corvus' maintenance requirements as most systems are packaged as easily-accessible line replaceable units. Flight control for the Corvus is provided by a tripple-redundant, fly-by-wire electronic control system in order to improve pilot feedback responsiveness and reduce weight as compared to older hydraulic-assisted mechanisms of similar function. Although TPMI/EC considered implementation of fly-by-light for the design, the specialized and fragile tooling necessary to maintain such systems was deemed unacceptable. Establishing such facilities in suboptimal conditions that Corvus may encounter during the course of a combined air-land operation (for example, hastily erected Forward Air Bases to support a ground offensive) was determined to be unfeasible. However, FBL retains one critical advantage over the copper-wire system utilized in the Corvus - immunity to electromagnetic interference. In order to compensate for this issue, the control system utilized in Corvus is hardened against potentially harmful EMI through the application of Electric Wave Absorbing Material. EWAM is a non-woven, six-layer cloth comprised of stainless steel and polyethyl fibers, and protects the helicopter from influence by EMI. Additionally, the system reduces workload by enabling automatic hover or manuever while the pilot may focus his attention on other concerns. Tripple redundancy also ensures that in the event the Corvus takes a hit, it will still be able to fly courtesy of backup systems, vastly increasing survivability. All outputs from the helicopter's individual different subsystems are centrally processed by MADHAT, which implements sensor fusion for the Corvus' crew in order to reduce workload and ensure data integrity. Installed above the main rotor is a compact radome that houses a millimetric wave fire control RADAR, with range estimated at 34 km under optimal conditions. The elevated position enables the system to retain functionality while the Corvus remains concealed by physical obstacles. The pilot's sight is positioned in the nose of the aircraft and is slaved to his helmet and paired with the aircraft's cannon, allowing for easier aquisition of targets. The sight is composed of a gimballed dual imaging infrared and electro-optical sensor system housed in a stabilized, rotating/elevating mount. A combined laser rangefinder/designator shares the assembly, and enables the Corvus to safely mark targets for on- or offboard weapons systems (such as ATGMs launched from supporting gunships) from standoff range. The IIR system includes a separate imager operating in Short Wave InfraRed (SWIR) frequencies which significantly degrades the efficacy of hostile optical camouflage. A second, virtually identical sight with more powerful optical and digital zoom, is mounted below the radome and serves as the gunner's sight. Every system is tightly integrated with cockpit displays, greatly enhancing the situational awareness of pilot and gunner. The Corvus also utilizes the Integrated Communication Navigation Identification Avionics system, which combines the functions of current communications equipment, such as HF SSB (High Frequency-Single Side Band), VHF/UHF, SINCGARS, Have Quick, EJS, JTIDS, various navigational aids and transponder/interrogator facilities. Corvus enhances the situational awareness of its associated fast-moving forces by providing up to the minute tactical intelligence from its advanced sensor suite. Every output processed by the MADHAT central architecture may be transmitted to friendly forces via Joint Tactical Information Distribution System or other comparable battle management interfaces. In this way, data gathered by the Corvus may be analyzed and exploited by commanders on the ground. Electronic Warfare Due to the high attrition rate suffered by rotary-wing aircraft, TPMI/EC developed a sophisticated Integrated Electronic Warfare system to defeat tactical air defense systems in wide circulation, originally for the TRA-92 scout helicopter. Internal design studies conducted by the company found that the primary threat to the TRA-92 would come from short-range surface to air missiles; Eiko thereby featured a number of passive and active countermeasures designed to defeat these threats. TPMI/EC, working in tandem with IAC, applied these same countermeasures to the Corvus. Most effective is an infrared signature suppression system built into the airframe, that draws in cooler air from an inlet above the tailboom and mixes it with the hotter engine exhaust, which serves to reduce IR signature to approximately 1/4 that of extant designs. A super heterodyne RADAR Warning Receiver serves to alert crewmen if they are being illuminated by hostile transmitters, while a LASER Warning Receiver performs the same function for beam-riding weapons such as Starstreak. Housed in the tail assembly is an intelligent flares/chaff dispenser that is networked to the passive alert systems, deploying decoys in the direction of a perceived threat in order to maximize effectiveness. The Corvus also includes a set of active jamming equipment. The ADN-2 infrared jammer makes use of a gimballed low-powered microwave laser to detect and jam incoming IR missiles. In order to preserve stealth characteristics, transparent lens covers manufactured from selectively permeable plastic shields the device from RADAR visibility when not in use. The system is capable of jamming multiple IR and UV frequencies simultaeneously to provide improved performance. The NRV-27 is the ACI-37M's RF jammer which emits radio frequency signals that interfere with hostile transmitter operation. The use of a directional, super heterodyne receiver in the ACI-37M enables it to engage in DRFM (digital radio frequency memory) jamming in addition to standard noise jamming modes. In the DRFM mode, the ACI-37M manipulates received radar energy and retransmits it to change the return the hostile RADAR sees. This technique serves to provide conflicting and confusing information for enemy interpretation. For example, the NRV-27 may change the range the transmitter detects through alterations in the delay in pulse transmission or the velocity the radar detects by changing the doppler shift of the transmitted signal. The combination of sensitive and precise passive monitors paired with directional active countermeasures improves the survivability of the Corvus platform by a significant margin. Builder: ACI Role: Anti-helicopter and gunship Crew: 2 (pilot, gunner) Blades: Main rotor: 10 (2 heads, 5 blades each) Tail rotor: None Rotor diameter: 14.5 meters Wing span: 6.5 meters Length: Rotors turning: 16 meters Fuselage: 9 meters Height: Gear extended: 5.23 meters Gear retracted: 4 meters Cargo Compartment Dimensions: Negligible Engines: 2x 3,000-shp Weight: Maximum Gross: 17,500 kg Normal Takeoff: 13,500 kg Empty: 10,500 kg Standard Payload: External weapons load: 3,500 kg on 4 under-wing stores points and 2 wingtip hardpoints. Speed: Maximum: 350 km/h Cruise: 280 km/h Sideward: 150+ km/h Rearward: 150+ km/h Turn Rate: unlimited Max “G” Force: +3.5 to +4 g Ceiling: Service: 6,500 meters Hover (out of ground effect): 5,000 meters Hover (in ground effect): 6,500 meters Vertical Climb Rate: 15 m/s Range (km): Maximum Load: 5 hours flight time Normal Load: 6 hours flight time With Aux Fuel: Not Determined Armament: 1x 33x120mm CA.33 Chain Gun, 1,200 rounds Underwing hardpoints: • 82mm rockets (20 per pod) • 57mm rockets (45 per pod) • ATGM mounts 6 (Panzerschreck) per mount) • Air-to-Air missiles (4) • Gun pod: 15.7mm minigun • Gun pod: 40mm grenade launcher Wingtip hardpoints: • Air-to-Air missiles (2) • ATGM mount (2, Panzerschreck) Design The Bellicus was designed from the ground up to be as heavily armored as possible, while maintaining the ability to transport two infantry squads and support them with airborne gunfire. Secondary capabilities included the anti-tank role and air cover against enemy helicopters and fighters. The Bellicus features armoring up to 30mm API in vital areas, including the cockpits (elaborated on later in this article), the engines, and the tail. The passenger compartment, also of vital importance, is rated for protection vs. 15.7x131mm FMJ. Armoring is accomplished through the use of a number of systems: ceramics are used extensively in the more heavily armored sections, with ballistic titanium and Spectra being used to supplement it. Unlike the typical transport helicopter which tends to utilize a side-by-side seating configuration for its cockpit, the ACI-39 instead utilizes a tandem configuration as found in the majority of the world's dedicated attack helicopters. Unlike many attack helicopters, however, the Bellicus does not, in fact, have just one cockpit; the gunner and pilot are seated in their own cockpits (with the gunner in the furthest up cockpit and the pilot having the dominating view). This ensures far greater survivability in the event of a hit: a hit to the gunner's cockpit that kills the gunner will generally not kill the pilot, and as a result the helo would be able to make it home, and visa versa. The individual cockpits themselves consist of all-digital touch screen OLED panels, displaying all vital flight and sensor data. The pilot and gunner both utilize helmet-mounted HUD systems, as well, which allow for them to target enemy units simply by looking at them. The personnel compartment features bench seats for up to fourteen fully equipped infantrymen as well as two weapon stations for the door gunners, with armored compartments containing medical supplies and additional ammunition for the two doorguns. The bench seats are also capable of folding, making room for up to six stretchers. A winch system is also mounted to allow for the recovery of personnel on the ground and in the water. The sliding doors and the floor of the crew compartment, as previously mentioned, are also rated for protection against 15.7x131mm FMJ ammunition In addition to these systems, the ACI-39 features a number of passive systems to prevent enemy infrared guided weapons from targetting the aircraft. The entire helo is covered in infrared absorbant paint to prevent enemy infrared from tracking the aircraft. The helicopter's engines are protected by an infrared filtering system, designed to eliminate the heat signature produced by the engines. Noise signature is greatly reduced thanks to the use of five rotor blades rather than four or two, as well as the use of a fan system for the tail rotor. Armament The primary armament of the pilot and most obvious armament of the Bellicus is the 23x135mm CTA D/ACU.230H Helicopter Advanced Gun System B. The D/ACU.230H operates on the gast principal, mounting two barrels, with the recoil from one barrel chambering a round for the other, allowing for a tremendous rate of fire as well as relatively low recoil. The use of CTA ammunition also means that a greater amount of ammunition can be carried without sacrificing any power. This weapon, designed to act as the pilot's personal weapon system (and is tied to his helmet-based HUD and slaved to its own FLIR, allowing for him to engage targets with the turn of his head), allows for the Bellicus to engage immediate threats, such as infantry and light armor. However, the cannon's penetration power allows for it to penetrate the roof armor of most contemporary armored vehicles. Greatly increasing the firepower of the Bellicus are its twin 37x150mm CTA D/ACU.370H recoil-operated automatic cannons, each firing at a rate of three hundred rounds per minute with 150 rounds readily available for each gun. These are mounted in fixed positions on the fuselage and are intended for strafing. They are, however, adjustable for the range of the intersection of their respective lines of fire; the MADHAT system (described later) is capable of using range information to precisely adjust this arc to inflict maximum damage on the target. The large wings of the Bellicus also allow for the carrying of a tremendous amount of ordnance: drawing on lessons from the Corvus, the Bellicus retains wingtip hardpoints for engaging enemy helicopters and fighters. An additional six underwing hardpoints are also available, with each being capable of carrying everything from a cluster of four Cornix-II ATGMs to FFAR pods to additional fuel tanks, or, in some cases, extra ammunition for the 37mm cannons (the cannons are capable of being dual fed, so an extra linkage from a wing-mounted ammunition magazine can be fed into the free side of the gun and shell casings ejectec downwards). Finally, mounted in windows next to the doors to the troop compartment are two 7.8mm 4M3 medium machineguns. However, even these weapons have their own fire control systems: the weapon stations themselves feature infrared scopes with inbuilt laser range finders as well as a simple fire control computer tied to the aircraft's flight data system that show the gunner precisely how much to lead the target, as well as highlighting possible targets based on the Bellicus' target recognition software. Avionics Once more borrowing from the Corvus, IAC equipped its newer helo with the Modular Advanced Dynamic Helicopter Avionics Suite. Blending numerous advanced tracking, electronics, and communications systems, this system creates a fully integrated, comprehensive, and easy to use electronics package. Begining with the sensor section of the package, the Bellicus is equipped with numerous systems to make its duty of hunting both tanks and helicopters all the easier. First off is the AJDFLIR.IIB forward looking infrared system. This latest-gen FLIR system allows for targets to easily be picked up on via their heat signature and serves as the Bellicus' primary sensor. Also coming with the system is the ALDS-H-74A LPI millimetric wave RADAR mounted above the main rotor. This system is a low probability of intercept system, meaning that passive RADAR recievers will have a far more difficult time picking up the helicopter via its own RADAR emmisions. It also allows for the tracking and engagement of airborne targets with relative ease. Finally, there is the AEOS-48G short wave infrared electro-optical system mounted in tandem with the AJDFLIR.IIB. This system provides a backup to the FLIR in the detection of ground targets. These systems are all tied together with MADHAT, projecting a comprehensive yet easy to read picture of the battlefield to both the pilot and gunner, allowing for them to easily select and engage targets. Centralized target recognition software is also included in MADHAT, allowing for the system to aid the pilot and gunners in determining targets. Both the pilot and gunner are equipped with the AHHDS.VIH combat helmet, which features a built-in heads up display (HUD) projected onto the helmet's visor. All weapon systems are slaved to the helmet giving the crew a 'look and shoot' capability'; in addition, the helmet also allows for the crew to see out of the numerous digital cameras embedded on the outer skin of the helo, giving them a full panoramic view of their surroundings and thus superior situational awareness in comparison to foreign helicopters. In terms of flight controls, the ACI-39 utilizes the D/FCL.XIVH fly-by-light system. It was decided on to use fly-by-light due to the fact that it would allow for multiple redundancy, making it less vulnerable to enemy fire than using conventional hydraulics, as well as being more responsive. The Bellicus' flight control system is in fact tripple-redundant, making it extremely difficult for the pilot of the Bellicus to lose control of the aircraft without having either the engines, main rotor, or tail rotor damaged, even when faced by overwhelming enemy fire. In the area of communications, the ACI-39 features a number of systems. For normal communication with friendly units, it utilizes the HARS-64A digital radio system. This system is designed to be capable of rapidly switching frequencies as friendly units do so simultaneously, making jamming of communications or listening in far more difficult. For when you still need to communicate with friendly forces but need to maintain total radio silence, the aircraft has a DALBCS-H-7A communications system. This is a laser-based communications system designed to talk with units that had direct line of sight with the aircraft. When used together in conjunction with other friendly units, the helicopter can be linked with far away units by piggy backing on other systems of friendly units, allowing for full, silent integration of a force. The aircraft also features full GPS and satelite link up, allowing for the Corvus to be tied in with global defense networks, such as the Imperial BattleNet, making for integration all the easier and lethal. Countermeasures In order to survive on the modern battlefield and carry its precious cargo safely to their destination, Aerospace looked towards its Corvus attack helicopter for inspiration in regards to countermeasures. As a result, it was decided to retain the same countermeasures suite for the sake of commonality. This came in the form of the EADS-VI Combined Offensive/Defensive Electronic Warfare Suite. The first and one of the most basic parts of the suite are a series of chaft, flare, and decoy dispensers located all around the helicopter's fuselage. They provide a reliable, last-ditch, 360 degree layer of protection from all threats. The EADS-VI suite is configured to automatically release chaff and flares as necessary when the launch of an enemy missile is detected. Passive detection of incoming threats is accomplished via the LWR.X laser warning reciever and RWR.XXVI RADAR warning reciever in addition to passive infrared detection via the Corvus' electro-optical and infared sensors. The next component in the suite are the ERJ-II radio jammer, the IRJ-IV infrared jammer (utilizing a microwave laser), and the MRJ-I radar jammer. The combination of these three jammers provide a not-so-subtle defense and offense against threats to the helicopter. The MRJ-I, originally found on the Corvus attack helicopter radar jammer is a new radar jammer designed by Red Star Industries and IAC and is designed to confuse the seekers of incoming missile threats. It does so in two ways, one it creates multiple radar signatures of the helicopter and/or totally jams the seeker head with so much clutter that target recognition is virtually impossible. Designation: ACI-39 Bellicus Role: Gunship/Transport Personnel: 4 crew (pilot, gunner, two door (also serve as flight mechanic and crew chief respectively)) 14 passengers Blades: Main rotor: 5 Tail rotor (fan): 4 Rotor diameter: 17.8 meters Wing span: 7.5 meters Length: Fuselage: 20 meters Height: Gear extended: 6.8m Gear retracted: 6.6m Engines: 2x Imperial Aerospace 2,800hp I/TS.XIIH Turboshafts Weight: Maximum Gross: 16,500kg Normal Takeoff: 14,000kg Empty: 10,500kg Standard Payload: External weapons load: 3,500 kg on 6 under-wing stores points and 2 wingtip hardpoints. Speed: Maximum: 350km/h Cruise: 280km/h Sideward: 120km/h Rearward: 120km/h Turn Rate: unlimited Ceiling: Service: 5,000 meters Hover (out of ground effect): 4,500 meters Hover (in ground effect): 5,000 meters Vertical Climb Rate: 15 m/s Range (km): 450 Maximum Load: 5 hours flight time Normal Load: 6 hours flight time With Aux Fuel: Not Determined Armament: Fixed: • 23x135mm CTA D/ACU.230H Automatic Cannon (nose-mounted, 600rds) • Twin 37x150mm CTA D/ACU.370H (fuselage mounted, one on either side 300rds each) • Two 7.8x63mm 4M3 Medium Machineguns (Door guns, 1200rds ready each, 4,000 stored) Optional (6 hardpoints): • 82mm rockets (20 per pod) • 57mm rockets (45 per pod) • ATGM mounts (4 per mount) • Air-to-Air missiles (2 per wingtip hardpoint or 3 on underwing hardpoint) • Gun pod: 23mm autocannon • Gun pod: 40mm grenade machinegun Special Forces High-Tech Special Forces Unit FOXHOUND was an elite black ops unit of the Drakan Army. Although its function changed over the years, FOXHOUND specialized in covert, solo infiltrations, to cope with local revolutions, regional complications, and global terrorist activities in "unauthorized" combat zones too politically-sensitive to intervene through conventional means. Selection: Potential recruits are only chosen from those already within the military and various special forces. Recruits must also pass exams in three different aspects: Physical Physical fitness test Short-distance running Uninterrupted performance of 80 push-ups Uninterrupted performance of 100 sit-ups FOXHOUND excerciseFOXHOUND recruits doing sit-ups. 50 meter freestyle-stroke swim Combat diving skill Cross-country march (travelling 64 km [40 miles] in under 15 hours, carrying a 30 kg [67 pounds] backpack) Intelligence Foreign languages Foreign geography Knowledge of world events Advanced technology Medical procedures Detonation operations Stealth communication Foreign weaponry After passing the selection courses, the recruits then partake in professional training exercises (also known as drills), which include: Battlefield survival (14 weeks) Shooting practice (must score at least 95% for a target at 914 m [3,000 ft], and 100% for a target at 548 m [1,800 ft]) Guard patrol Mountaineering Hand-to-hand combat Border infiltration Guerrilla warfare Land navigation Map-reading Escape and evasion Combat medical skills Rebelling and Ranger practice Weapons familiarization Nautical vehicle control and navigation Diving and underwater infiltration Canoeing Basic military parachute skills (4 weeks) Special operations freefall practice (High-Altitude, Low-Opening [HALO] and High-Altitude, High-Opening [HAHO]) 11 jumps carrying little to no combat equipment ("Hollywood") 15 jumps with full combat equipment 2 nighttime jumps 2 mass-tactical strategic jumps Intelligence gathering Language and customs of the destination country (4 weeks) Stealth techniques Improvised explosive devices Utilization of high-tech equipment Communications (16 weeks) Medical exam (10 weeks) Torture endurance Organization Edited April 22, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted October 12, 2013 Author Report Share Posted October 12, 2013 (edited) The Drakan Air Force Frontal Aviation is the Dominion's tactical air force assigned to the military districts and the groups of forces. Its mission was to provide air support to Ground Forces units. Frontal Aviation cooperates closely with the Air Defense Aviation arm of the Air Defense Forces. Protected by the latter's fighter interceptors , Frontal Aviation in wartime would deliver conventional, nuclear, or chemical ordnance on the enemy's supply lines and troop concentrations to interdict its combat operations. Composition: Air Force Equipment: 105 Squadrons - 40 Lu-65 Air Superiority Fighter Squadrons, 38 Lu-67 Multi-Role Fighter Squadrons, 15 GLI-133 Ank'ríat Heavy Bomber Squadrons, 12 GLI-122 Blitz Bomber Squadrons, 3 Lu-27 Condor Squadrons - Drakan Air Force Ranks Force Marshal Chief Marshal Marshall Vice Marshal Flight Commodore Group Captain Wing Commander Squadron Leader Flight Lieutenant Flying Officer Pilot Officer Flight Cadet Equipment Lu-65 Eagle Air Superiority Aircraft [Specifications (A-variant)] Length: 24m Wingspan: 15m Height: 4.8m Empty Weight: 19,800 kg Fuel Weight: 14,800 kg Weapons Payload: 8,500 kg Loaded Weight: 39,500kg MTOW: 47,500 kg Speed: Cruising Speed: Mach 0.8 Max Sea Level: Mach 1.2 Max Supercruise: Mach 1.9 Maximum Speed (A): Mach 2.8 Maximum Speed (B/C): Mach 3.6 G Limits: +13/-5 G Wing Configuration: Dogtooth delta+Ruddervators+Canards Wing Type: Mission Adaptive Wings + Foam Fuel Tanks Ranges: Ferry Range: 4,200 km Ferry Range (Extra fuel tanks): 5,500 km Combat Radius: 1,860 km Service Ceiling: 21,500m Climb Rate: 20,250 m/min Weapons Layout: 1x Internal bay, 2x Side bay, 4x Wing pylons Internal Bay Payload: 3,000 kilograms Internal Bay Slots: 10 slots [larger AAMs take up more slots] Side Bay Payload: 300 kilograms Side Bay Slots: 1 Total Internal Payload: 3,600 kilograms [General Data] Type: Advanced Air Superiority Fighter Personnel: 1 (Pilot) [Airframe] Where the “Xeon” made use of switchblade-style variable geometry wings to maximize maneuverability, the Hawk uses an even more unconventional design to achieve similar levels of performance while simultaneously reducing RADAR Cross Section [RCS] as demanded by Project goals. To this end, the Lu-65 employs a unique airframe layout that reconciles the conflict between stealth and maneuverability. The configuration of the Lu-65 is a radically new one, which utilizes dogtoothed mission adaptive wings paired with canards and flat ruddervators aft of the fighter. This unorthodox design choice generated significant controversy during the Project’s progression, which led to the separate development of another soon to be released fighter. However, this risky decision proved to be a sound one as evidenced in the Lu-65s amazing flight performance. This stems from the design’s inherent aerodynamic instability, which enables the Lu-65 unimpeded freedom of maneuver. However, this benefit also involves significant penalties in ease of control – the Lu-65 requires an extremely high level of pilot proficiency to operate effectively, even with its use of fly-by-light electronic control systems. The mission adaptive wings in fighter are another aspect in which the fighter stands apart from its peers - unlike conventional designs, the adaptive wing has no conventional ailerons, flaps, slats, or spoilers but incorporates flexible leading and trailing edges able to bend into a required position without leaving gaps. These are able to move from four degrees up to twenty five degrees down as enabled by its variable wing camber mechanism. Finally, the fighter is endowed with exceptional performance at high angles of attack due to its forward fuselage chine and canards, and additionally exhibits minimal drag due to its lack of vertical surfaces. In sum, the Lu-65s aerodynamic design is optimized for the air superiority mission by both reducing vulnerability to detection and ensuring superior agility. The Lu-65 Advanced Air Superiority Fighter incorporates the highest quality of materials science in its physical frame. As derived from preliminary studies and evaluation, the fighter was designed to endure stresses of up to 13Gs, as this is the maximum level a human pilot may withstand before tissue damage occurs. The space-age materials used in the fighter were all jointly developed by the associated contractors involved in Lu-65s development, as were fabrication methods. Much of the fighter is manufactured from composite materials, due to their role in reducing RCS – one of the main goals of the Project. The skeleton of the Lu-65 is constructed from Ti-1100, a near-alpha, high strength/weight ratio titanium alloy. Monofilament silicon carbide whiskers are interwoven within a matrix of this material to impart further structural integrity and resistance to deformation. High stress regions of the airframe are reinforced with Ti-62222 alloy, most notably in areas near the variable wing camber mechanism. SICON-developed RADAR Absorbent Structure [RAS] is mated wherever possible to this base frame. The RAS is constructed of honeycombed Kevlar sections, treated with a proprietary carbon glaze, and then bonded to polyethylene/carbon fiber skins on its front and back, creating a rigid panel. Each honeycomb is 3cm in length, and absorbs incoming RF energy quite well; the relatively large gaps allow for the RAS to dependably absorb or at least weaken RADAR returns of all frequencies higher than 10 MHz. Further, new engineering techniques courtesy of MP Ordnance Corporation have allowed for improvements to the base aramid honeycomb design originally developed by TPMI/EC – the inner walls of the honeycombs are injected with a carbon-based aerogel impregnated with various RF energy absorbing compounds [see Stealth section]. The properties of this material are such that incoming RF energy is scattered further into the RAS network, which further reduces the Lu-65's already minimal RCS. For protection from hostile action, composite sandwich panels of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, thermosets, and carbon fiber embedded in an epoxy resin matrix is bonded underneath this shell. The aircraft is skinned in a composite comprised of silicone reinforced, Schiff base salt-loaded bismaleimide resin threaded with carbon fiber, which possesses superb strength to weight ratios and a resistance to thermal stress. Uncatalyzed Michael addition with polyhydric phenols to the base resin improves structural characteristics. The dissolved Schiff base salt elements, using the bismelmide resin matrix as a binder compound, serve to further reduce the Lu-65's RCS. [Systems/Avionics] The Lu-65 boasts an exceptionally robust and capable avionics fit, an example of the avant-garde technology that Project "Eagle" championed from its conception to completion. Design of the Lu-65 Advanced Air Superiority Fighter’s electronics components was entirely mission-oriented – the various systems that comprise Lu-65 are finely engineered to maximize the ability of pilot and machine to engage in aerial combat against any potential threat or target. All of the various disparate elements of Lu-65 electronics are unified under the Mark 3 Integrated Modular Architecture, which is the fighter’s distributed on-board computer network. Mark 3 serves to coordinate and control mission-sensitive information to the pilot on a tightly integrated software and hardware platform. The architecture is fabricated on strained silicon wafers – an innovation of TPMI/EC that enables 33% faster processing speeds than competing designs. Developed as a method to reduce the impact of physical barriers to continued transistor miniaturization, the strained silicon wafers are produced by growing a sequence of epitaxial layers of varying lattice constants (the distance between atoms in the crystal formation). The approach that is utilized for silicon wafer starting material is to first grow a silicon epitaxial layer containing germanium. When enough germanium is added and this epitaxial layer reaches a critical thickness, the lattice constant of the silicon-germanium (SiGe) epitaxial layer will stabilize at a larger lattice constant value than the underlying silicon substrate. Then a thin silicon layer is grown on top of the SiGe epitaxial layer. Eventually, the pure silicon layer stretches to match the larger lattice constant of the SiGe layer. The physical properties of this unique material enable significantly reduced electron resistance, which thereby leads to 70% faster electron flow. This allows for the incredible boost in processing performance that the Mark 3 exhibits. The Mark 3 architecture is manufactured in a full-custom ASIC design, utilizing revolutionary Quasi-Delay Insensitive integrated circuits. The use of asynchronous processing logic in the Lu-65 eagle provides several major benefits as compared to traditional versions (circuits governed by an internal clock); these include early completion of circuits when it is known that the inputs which have not yet arrived are irrelevant, lower power consumption because transistors do not work unless performing useful computations, superior modularity and composability, adaptable circuit speed based on temperature and voltage conditions (synchronous chips are locked in at optimal clock speed for worst-case conditions), easier manufacturing processes due to lack of transistor-to-transistor variability, and less produced Electro-Magnetic Interference (Synchronous circuits create enormous amounts of EMI at frequency bands near clock frequencies). The entire avionics suite is coordinated by five MP Ordnance Corporation-manufactured Central Integrated Processors [CIP], which are 4096-core processors running at 4.45 GHz, with 64 bits allocated per core and 12 GB of RAM allocated per processor. The Lu-65's subsystems are connected to the CIP via a quadruplex-redundant InfiniBand high-speed bus interface. This is a fiber optic cable network with a passive-transmissive star coupler operating at 3.75 GHz, with transfer rates of up to 48Gbit/s, developed in order to allow for the high levels of system bandwidth the Lu-65;s sensors and electronics consume. Because the integrated circuits operate under asynchronous logic, signals and instructions are processed near-instantaneously, without consideration for the restraints of a clock circuit. A key component of the Lu-65’s principles of design mandated absolute systems reliability; engineers at Luftwaffe Precision Machine Import/Export Corporation quickly realized that the traditional way of ensuring systems reliability, by stacking on layers of redundancy, was outmoded; such measures provided little more than "get you home" capability, if that. Ultimately, it was decided that the best way of raising the Lu-65s mission reliability was to modify the overarching Mark 3 architecture in such a way that it could "repair" itself. In effect, the complexity of the structure is such that it can automatically bypass or even compensate for the failure of any individual element. For example, if a control surface fails, the unified flight control system used in Lu-65i will automatically reconfigure itself, distributing control functions among the surviving surfaces. The Mission Management Suite subsystem of the Mark 3 is composed of the terrain/navigation suite, fire-control, munitions management and Electronic Warfare equipment. CIP resources are allocated to each function as necessary. CDI-1 – Integrated navigational system of the Lu-65, developed in order to reduce pilot workload. Where previous avionics systems treated the myriad location-determining sensors of an aircraft as a discrete source of information, CDI-1 serves to manage the data gathered by each individual system and present it to the pilot in a coherent way. CDI-1 includes two primary sources of navigational information – an Inertial Reference System and a Terrain Reference System calibrated against each other to provide for unmatched accuracy in location. The Terrain Reference System relies on careful measurement of the terrain profile passing beneath the aircraft with a RADAR altimeter and comparison with digitally-stored geographic data. The primary advantage to using a TR system is that a standard TF (terrain-following) navigation scheme will alert enemy Electronic Surveillance Measures far sooner, due to the RADAR beam's direction. On the other hand, a TRN altimeter has an extremely narrow beam width whose energy is directed downwards, rendering virtually all ESM measures impotent, a critical component of the eagle’s survivability. The Inertial Reference System is comprised of two ring laser gyroscopes and an accelerometer located in the forward fuselage, coupled with GPS uplinks compatible with most standard satellite interfaces. Only one of the gyroscopes is necessary for normal operation; data from the second is fed to the Lu-65’s fire control systems to automatically adjust gun position for optimal accuracy. MMTE-10 - Integrated fire control system of the Lu-65, which monitors all phases of weapons release. Data from the Sensor Management Suite is linked to this component, which constantly updates the pilot’s interface on target disposition and type. It draws on CIP resources to rapidly calculate suitable firing solutions. The MMTE-9 also functions to inform the pilot of the condition of the fighter's stores, control weapons launch sequences, as well as door controls and emergency weapons jettison. NSER-5 - Integrated Electronic Warfare System of the Lu-65. It is comprised of a number of individual subsystems, all of which are closely tied to the MMS component via the InfiniBand high-speed bus interface. Threat detection is provided by a super heterodyne RADAR Warning Receiver, capable of monitoring LPI emissions through rapid signals processing of all major RF bands. NSER-5 also features a Laser Warning Receiver, which detects laser radiation and determines its bearing, one of the more popular guidance methods employed in modern missiles. In order to quickly track missile launches the NSER-5 incorporates three Missile Approach Warners, built into a set of apertures distributed across the aircraft. To increase the effectiveness of the system the MAW is also directly linked to the countermeasures systems allowing an instantaneous response to a local launch. The MAWs include a set of Rayleigh scattering processing modules, which serves to greatly improve resolution and accuracy regarding threat disposition. Active countermeasures equipment is fitted to the Lu-65 in a series of modular apertures. The ADN-2 infrared jammer makes use of a gimbal-mounted low-powered microwave laser to detect and jam incoming IR missiles. In order to preserve stealth characteristics, transparent lens covers manufactured from selectively permeable plastic serves to shield the device from RADAR visibility when not in use. The system is capable of jamming multiple IR and UV frequencies simultaeneously to provide improved performance. The EOCM-6 is a pod-mounted blue-green laser used to detect and jam passive systems such as TV/FLIR automatic trackers. The NRV-27 is the Lu-65's RF jammer which serves to emit radio frequency signals that interfere with hostile transmitter operation. The “smart skin” antenna embedded in the Lu-65's airframe enables the NRV-27 to engage in DRFM (digital radio frequency memory) jamming in addition to standard noise jamming modes. In the DRFM mode, the Lu-65's manipulates received radar energy and retransmits it to change the return the hostile RADAR sees. This technique serves to provide conflicting and confusing information for enemy interpretation. For example, the NRV-27 may change the range the transmitter detects through alterations in the delay in pulse transmission or the velocity the radar detects by changing the doppler shift of the transmitted signal. An XC-100 countermeasures dispenser is internally mounted, which is programmed to deploy multi-spectral chaff and flares only in the direction of a threat as determined by the NSER-5. The flares are treated with chemical additives that spoof the IR sensors of most IR guided missiles. Additionally, data from the NSER-5’s RWR set is linked to the chaff cutting mechanism – the XC-100 is sophisticated enough to interpret the RWR’s information and cut the aluminium strips to provide for maximum reflectivity to the RF band being deceived. In practical terms, the NSER-5 serves to determine the location and nature of all threat systems, thereby warning aircrew when they are being tracked, targeted, or engaged. The Sensor Management Suite subsystem of the Mark 3 package combines the Lu-65's RADAR, IRST, integrated signal processing, encrypted data, communications, and the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System interface, allocating CIP processor power to the sensor subsystems as required by the mission. With the advanced, centralized architecture employed by the avionics, the SMS implements sensor fusion for the pilot to maximize situational awareness and reduce pilot workload. By automating the task of interpreting sensor data, the Lu-65 removes the possibility of conflicting data gathered by the various sensors and eliminates the need for manual cross-referencing. AN/PSI-7 - RADAR system for the Lu-65, co-developed by Precision Machine Import/Export Corporation and MP Ordnance Corporation. It is an Active Electronically Scanned Array system, mounted in the aircraft's nose, with sufficient Moving Target Indicator capability to achieve burn-through of 5th generation (F-22 level) stealth. Maximum search range of fighter-sized targets is estimated at 270 kilometers – however, the AN/PSI-7 may increase this range to 450 kilometers, though this comes at the cost of a much narrower field of view. The AN/PSI-7's transmitter and receiver functions are composed of 3,300 individual transmit/receive (T/R) modules that each scan a small fixed area, negating the need for a moving antenna, which further decreases ESM detection probabilities as well as aircraft volume issues. Each of the T/R modules is composed of four MMIC chips - a drive amplifier, digital phase shifter, and low-noise amplifier, and a RF power amplifier. The chips are manufactured on indium-phosphide due to greater electron mobility, reduced noise, and higher frequencies of operation InP affords as opposed to more conventional semiconductor materials. To protect the antenna from detection by hostile ESM systems, it is mounted in a bandpass radome, transparent only to the band of frequencies used by the AN/PSI-7. When it is not in use, suitable electrical impulses turn the bandpass characteristic off, making it totally opaque. The RADAR's elimination of hydraulics for antenna movements and distribution of transmission functions into the T/R modules alleviates logistical concerns. The AN/PSI-6 is a No Probability of Interception system, meaning that the waveforms of the RADAR have a much longer pulse and lower amplitude, as well as a narrower beam and virtually no sidelobe radiation. The result of this waveform modification is that the AN/PSI-7 is virtually undetectable by enemy ESM receivers, as the RF energy emitted is spread over a wide range of frequencies, hiding among the noise of benign signals that clutter the microwave region. A tertiary data channel screens hostile ECM measures. AN/RSI-1 - Inverse Synthetic Aperture RADAR of the Lu-65 which processes the Doppler shift resulting from target motion as a means of improving RADAR resolution. Thanks to shared components with the AN/PSI-7, the AN/RSI-1 is highly compact, and adds less than 30 lbs to the aircraft's weight. By measuring the much larger Doppler shifts created by the Lu-65's own motion and the target's changes in attitudes, the AN/RSI-1 is able to extract the Doppler effects due to pitch, yaw, and roll of the different parts of the target aircraft, processing these to obtain a clear physical profile. This information is cross-referenced against a database of known aircraft types and presented to the pilot. IECO-5 – Integrated electro-optical sensor system mounted beneath the forward fuselage. The package serves as a laser rangefinder to supplement the primary RADAR/IR sensors employed by the Lu-65 during close range engagements. The pod-mounted ytterbium-doped fiber optic laser assembly is slaved to the pilot’s fire control system, and increases onboard weapons accuracy by a significant factor. When not in use, the system is retracted to preserve stealth and aerodynamic characteristics. ISTA - Imaging Infra-red passive sensor suite of the Lu-65, located on the port side of the fighter’s canopy. The ISTA package scans across red-scale wavelengths from 2.4-13 microns to enable all-aspect detection capabilities. The sensor is cooled via Freon gas, which allows for the system to interpret finer temperature gradients across longer distances. Estimated range for ISTA is quoted at 150 km in optimal conditions. All data gathered by the system is post-processed by the Sensor Management Suite to enhance resolution. The Lu-65’s onboard computers incorporate sufficient processing power to track up to 400 individual signatures, although this may be increased even further with the use of external aids such as airborne control aircraft. ICNIA - Integrated Communication Navigation Identification Avionics suite, which combines the functions of current communications equipment, such as HF SSB (High Frequency-Single Side Band), VHF/UHF, SINCGARS, Have Quick, EJS, JTIDS, various navigational aids and transponder/interrogator facilities compatible with NATO-standard IFF systems. Based on common digital and RF processing modules built up from asynchronous logic circuits, the system allows for all these functions to be seamlessly built into just one package. It also takes up half the volume and weight of the aforementioned equipment. The Central Integrated Processors filter much of the information being passed to the pilot, presenting him with only data necessary for the phase for the mission currently being flown, to prevent information overload (optional manual override available). The Vehicle Management Suite is responsible for &#$@pit controls and displays, flight and maneuver control, and engine/power control. NACS Mk. III - Lu-65 is controlled by a centralized fly by light fiber optic system that takes both control input from the pilot and feedback from the various sensors and control surfaces around the airplane. Due to the critical role aircraft response times play in the air superiority mission, a FBL control scheme was chosen for the Lu-65. More importantly however, fly-by-light offers an attractive alternative to interference prone fly-by-wire systems. The popularity of EMI-based air defense weapons was not lost on TPMI/EC designers; thus, the NACS Mk. III is nearly immune to such errorneous behavior caused by outside sources. Additionally, the flight envelope characteristics of the Lu-65 are programmed into the system, which prevents the pilot from engaging in maneuvers which would induce a total loss of control. A manual override is available, though its use is not recommended. Should the aircraft depart its flight envelope for any reason, however, a failsafe switch in the &#$@pit may be engaged that will cause the NACS Mk. III to automatically return the aircraft to level flight. Finally, the system is adaptable to irregularities in instructions due to malfunction by reconfiguring itself and biasing the pilot’s controls to compensate. All motors utilized in the flight system are brushless, which improves efficiency, reliability, and reduces generated EMI levels. The electronic control modules for the motors are manufactured by MP Ordnance Corporation. UCS – Utilities Control System, which manages and automates the various mechanical utilities found aboard the Lu-65 including primary and backup electrical systems, hydraulics (for aircraft control actuators, brakes, nose wheel steering, intakes, et al.), fuel stores and climate controls in the &#$@pit. AEAD - Active Electronic Array Device, which is embedded in the outer skin. This functions as a core component of the Lu-65's avionics suite. It is comprised of embedded arrays of microscopic active transmitting elements, which are unified by the Vehicle Management Suite. Signals processing from the CIPs enable these integrated elements to act like the active elements of a phased array antenna. This permits the Lu-65 Advanced Air Superiority Fighter to sense and communicate in optical and other frequency bands, and in any direction from any aircraft attitude. Software developed by TPMI/EC enables all Lu-65's in flight to share target and system data via the AEAD interface, which allows pilots greater freedom for autonomous action. In addition, the distributed nature of the AEAD allows for unrivaled accuracy with regard to threat observation – the sensors may quickly identify the distance and bearing of hostile transmitter sites by coordinating information gathered by the Lu-65's RWR with the precise location that hostile RF signals impact the airframe. [Canopy] The layout of the &#$@pit systems were of paramount concern to the design team. Intended to maximize situational awareness for the pilot, displays and flight symbology are fully automated by the Mark 3 Vehicle Management System, with processing power for sensor system integration drawn from one CIP specifically assigned to this purpose. Use of the InfiniBand high-speed bus interface allows for the high level of system bandwidth required for this application. The Lu-65 features a fully digital, all-glass &#$@pit that has eliminated the confusing switches and dials of previous &#$@pit designs - this improves the effectiveness of the pilot by allowing him to concentrate on his mission, rather than his equipment. The centerpiece of the &#$@pit avionics is a wide angle, 6 in. tall Heads-Up-Display. It is reinforced with vulcanized rubber and has minimal framing to preserve pilot visibility over the aircraft's nose. The system is capable of rendering a full range of flight and mission-critical information. TPMI/EC control software automates the displays and makes available to the pilot vital information useful to the phase of a sortie being flown at a time. The operator of the Lu-65 may also queue up additional displays on the HUD or multifunction head-down displays through an intuitive touchscreen interface. All data outputs from the Mark 3 avionics subsystems are made available to the pilot through the &#$@pit's AMLCD screens. The integration of these traditionally disparate elements through the Mark 3 serves to greatly enhance a pilot's situational awareness and combat effectiveness. For example, the data extracted from the CDI-1 navigational system allows for an astonishingly accurate "God's-eye-view" of the terrain surrounding the Lu-65 at a point in time. Integration of CDI-1 with the Sensor Management Suite enables targeting symbology to be directly overlaid onto this map, thus providing a pilot with an unprecedented level of control over the battlespace. There are limitations to the HUD/MFD combination however; it forces a pilot to look straight ahead in order to receive information about his aircraft and its surroundings, which leaves him vulnerable to attack at points all around him. As a result, the Lu-65 features a set of Helmet Mounted Displays in the pilot's flight helmet. The helmet itself is an advanced, self-contained unit comprising the HMD, night vision equipment, microphone and headphones, and oxygen mask. Thanks to advancements in engineering techniques pioneered by TPMI/EC, the system is 20% lighter than previous-generation helmets even with the addition of the integrated electronic equipment, and provides the same level of protection. The HMD projects critical information onto a semi-reflective transparent visor in front of the pilot, and shares the symbology library used in the the HUD and MFDs. Additionally, motion-tracking capabilities are built into the flight helmet with a full six-degrees of freedom. This is linked to the MMTE-10 component of the Mark 3 avionics package, and allows for a pilot to cue up a weapon and engage targets from very-high off-boresight angles. During simulator studies of the Lu-65, TPMI/EC engineers found that pilots were unable to access their touchscreens during high-G manuevers. In order to rectify this issue, a direct voice input system was developed for the fighter. The DVI system incorporates advanced voice recognition techniques that enable it to respond to commands with a latency of only 80ms with an accuracy rate of over 99.7%. Additionally, it is able to interpret the pilot's voice even when distorted by the stresses of air combat maneuvering or G-forces. The use of DVI enables a pilot to look down at his MFDs for a minimum of time, thereby improving his situational awareness through a significant reduction in pilot workload. Computerized Associate: The Lu-65 includes a "computerized associate", essentially a primitive artificial intelligence that serves as a combination of copilot and backseater. Allegedly designated the Advanced Mission-supporting Intelligent Assistant or AMIA, the AI is believed to improve the situational awareness and survivability of the fighter through a number of autonomous functions. The pilot is, according to accounts from defectors, hooked up to health sensors which monitor blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing patterns, and electrical activity in the brain. Should the system determine that the pilot is incapacitated, due to red/blackout or other reasons, AMIA will automatically seize control and attempt to fly a safe, evasive route back to its pre-programmed base location. AMIA is also able to execute simple oral commands given by the pilot, such as display switching, stores management, or changing radio frequencies. Most interesting of all is AMIA's electronic warfare and countermeasures support functions, however. It is capable of intelligently analyzing strength, frequency, and location of hostile sensor sites through a data highway connection with the Sensor Management Suite. AMIA will render a display of these locations, estimate range of detection relative to the TF-70A+'s location, and advise navigational course for the pilot so as to evade detection. Also, AMIA is capable of limited assistance during offensive or defensive maneuvering. For example, if the Missile Alert Warner systems detect a launch, AMIA will automatically cycle the NRV-27 RF jammer to the frequency band tracking the fighter and advise the pilot to activate said equipment. The flight envelope characteristics of the TF-70A+ are also programmed into AMIA's database allowing the AI to advise specific maneuvers in response to a given situation. [Stealth] Design studies conducted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency indicated that any successor would require significant reductions in RADAR, IR, and electro-magnetic signatures to remain competitive in the air superiority mission. Air Service doctrine places its core emphasis on a pilot’s ability to achieve the first look and the first shot with regard to aerial combat – the DARPA investigation found that the best way to achieve this goal was to engineer the Lu-65 with low-observable characteristics that would enable the fighter to remain hidden from view until the pilot could engage his own missiles. The unique shape and airframe design reflects this concern in a profound manner. The fighter has no vertical surfaces, and the angles incorporated on all horizontal leading and trailing edges are kept as different as possible, thereby dumping the reflected RF energy to the fighter’s port and starboard sectors. This results in large, but narrow RADAR signature spikes that are extremely difficult to track effectively. Lu-65 exhibits a high degree of wing/body blending, which provides desirable aerodynamic characteristics such as improved lift, while also reducing RCS by allowing electrical surface currents to flow over the surfaces without interruption. The sharp wing sweep increases the amount by which RF energy is shifted away from the forward sector. However, the resulting configuration leads to the possibility of "traveling waves", RF energy flowing on the skin of an object, to be set up. These waves can re-radiate a great deal of RF energy if they meet discontinuities such as seams, gaps or changes in surface material. To attenuate the issue, the Lu-65's mission adaptive wing was used and all other discontinuities were either eliminated or sealed off with electrically conducting material. Ultimately, the traveling waves meet an unavoidable discontinuity, where the structure physically ends, but the amount of re-radiated RF energy is minimized by the extensive use of RF absorbers on the fighter’s skin. Other physical features have been redesigned so as to provide much less RF reflection, such as the S-curvature of the intake ducts. The Lu-65 makes extensive use of an advanced RF absorbing material known as Schiff base salt. Derived from research by Carnegie-Mellon University, the material, which is a fine black powder physically resembling graphite, consists of a long chain of carbon atoms with alternating double and single bonds and a nitrogen atom interrupting the string near one end. The chain carries a positive charge, associated largely with the nitrogen atom. A negatively charged 'counterion,' made up of varying composition depending on the specific salt, sits nearby, weakly connected to the chain. The counterion prefers to sit in one of two locations near the chain. A single photon easily dislodges the counterion from one location and forces it into the other. A short time later, the molecule relaxes, and the counterion returns to its original position. Notably, certain salts required a very small amount of energy to shift the counterion - they could be triggered by RADAR energy of certain frequencies. As a result, the Schiff base salts are able to absorb radio waves, and dissipate the energy as heat. This unique property is fully exploited in the fighter’s construction - a mixture of salts tuned to surveillance frequency bands most often employed by air to air RADAR systems (X, L, etc.) are dissolved in the fighter’s bismelmide resin skin and aerogel chambers. The SBS class of materials is additionally 90% lighter than previous-generation ferromagnetic absorbers, and extremely inexpensive to fabricate. Supplementing the SBS in reducing RCS is an epoxyide applied to the airframe that reduces RADAR return through the use of non-organic microparticle absorbers embedded in the resin binder. Production of the material begins by coating 5-75 micron alumina spheres with a thin layer of silver and exposing the particles to selenium vapor at high temperature. The selenium reacts with the silver coating, which forms a film of silver selenide over the alumina sphere. This is loaded into the epoxyide matrix on a weight ratio of 1:1, which serves to enhance structural strength. Comprehensive studies into the absorptive qualities of the epoxyide appliqué indicate phenomenal performance – the silver selenide coated microparticles were found to reduce RCS by an astounding 20-25 decibels across the radio frequency range of 5-20 GHz. Also, the appliqué material shields the RADAR-transparent skin from being illuminated by hostile transmitters. The exact RCS of the Lu-65 is classified; however, released data indicates a reduction of at least a full order of magnitude as compared to the F-22 Raptor in most aspects. In order to reduce electro-magnetic signature, the avionics bays built into the Lu-65a re treated with Electric Wave Absorbing Material, developed by TPMI/EC. EWAM is a six-layer, non-woven cloth comprised of stainless steel and polyethyl fibers. The material is applied to the inner walls of the electronics housing in the Eagle, and serves to eliminate electro-magnetic leakage from the on-board equipment. Under laboratory conditions, EWAM absorbs 99% of all emitted EM radiation, and serves to reduce the vulnerability of the Lu-65 to passive electromagnetic sensor detection. [Powerplant] The /MRF-09's AFE-118 engines are manufactured by MP Ordnance Corporation. The AFE-118 is an advanced variable bypass turbofan capable of supercruise without the use of an afterburner. At its maximum output at 15,000 meters, it delivers 206.8 kilonewtons of thrust per engine, for a total of 413.6 kilonewtons of thrust. This is enough to propel the Lu-65 to a maximum speed of Mach 2.9 in the Airforce configuration and Mach 3.6 in the Naval configuration. The reason for this discrepancy in speed is because the Airforce version of the AFE-118 has narrower intakes with a more deeply curved inlets, which results in a lower radar cross section as there less of a chance that radar can detect the plane's spinning fans. The Naval version of the AFE-118 has wider, larger intakes with a more gradual curve in the inlet that allows for better, more efficient airflow to the engine, thus increasing both its efficiency and performance. The cost is that the Naval version has a slightly increased RCS vs. the Airforce version. Both versions of the engine have their moving parts, such as the fan and integrally bladed compressor rings forged from single crystal titanium/cobalt metal matrices glazed with a thin layer of silicon carbide DCP cermets which acts as a thermal barrier coating. The same silicon carbide DCP cermets line the engine housing and exhaust vents as well, in order to prevent excess heat from being absorbed by the airframe itself. The intakes themselves have a flexible, mission adaptive lining that can self-adjust in order to modify the engine's bypass ratio, thus allowing for the engine to achieve maximum performance at all speeds and altitudes. The engine utilizes a counterflow thrust vectoring unit that allows for true 3d thrust vectoring without nozzles. The counterflow unit allows for thrust to be directed up to 25 degrees in any direction. The exhaust units are smokeless and do not leave any contrails. In terms of maintenance, the engine can be accessed from either the top or bottom for easy removal. Like the F-119 used in the F-22 Raptor, the engine can be broken down into 6 modular parts and any of the modules easily replaceable. Also, the diagnostic software built into the plane's engine simplifies identification of malfunctions and other problems. [Armament] Main Bay Primary armament for the Lu-65 is carried internally in order to reduce RCS and improve aerodynamic performance. The Lu-65 utilizes Reich Aerospace's SADS-M weapon system in order to allow for the aircraft to fire its payload stealthily. Drawing on experience from the Advanced Reduced Signature Aircraft Ordinance Delivery System that was fielded before . SADS-M is a modular system based on the highly successful design. Like SADS, it launches its ordinance rather unconventionally: the weapon system utilizes an semi-maneuverable undercarriage that is lowered out from beneath the aircraft while firing. The system is designed to allow for the aircraft to maintain a high degree of stealth while launching ordinance. Rather than using a conventional bay that, when open, presents enemy RADAR operators with a signature, the undercarriage system lowers slightly from within its own bay (just small enough to accommodate the undercarriage), and can launch up to five medium range air-to-air missiles from five separate launch tubes. Missile launches are aided via electro-magnetic coils and a high powered jet of compressed air, propelling the missiles out of the tubes, allowing for their engines to start a good distance from the aircraft. This means that the aircraft can remain better hidden, even when launching missiles. This also allows for ordinance to be launched during supersonic flight. The primary difference between ARSADS and ARSADS-M comes in the principle of modularity. Unlike ARSADS, the undercarriage system of ARSADS-M is designed to be quickly and easily removed by ground crews, allowing for each undercarriage to be easily swapped out. This adds a great amount of flexibility to the Lu-65, allowing for undercarriage systems designed to accommodate different types of air-to-air and air-to-ground munitions (for example, an ARSADS-M undercarriage may be equipped to fire sixteen short range air-to-air missiles, or one equipped to launch a pair of 2000lb laser guided bombs; the possibilities are endless) to be utilized by the aircraft. Generally, the operation of ARSADS-M is as follows: upon returning from a sortie, the undercarriage of the Lu-65 would be removed by the ground crew and replaced with a freshly loaded undercarriage configured to carry whichever type of ordnance is required for the mission. The spent undercarriage would then be reloaded with whichever type of missile it is designed to accommodate and reused, replacing an empty undercarriage on returning fighters. Side Bay(s) Secondary armament consists of two short-range air to air missiles carried in a pair of scaled down ARSADS-M launch carriages located to the sides of the intakes. Data from the ISTA infrared imaging suite is fed directly to the missiles for initial guidance, which allows for stealthier launch - instead of requiring their seekers to acquire the target in the slipstream, the weapons may be ejected as soon as the doors open. Cannon The Lu-65 Advanced Air Superiority Fighter makes use of the ACAG-331, a twin barreled 25x200mm Gast gun. Operation: Essentially, the recoil from the discharge of one of the barrels will chamber another round in the other barrel. The gun is fed from two 150 round linkless belts. The gun can adjust its direction of feed by switching the belt pawls and reversing the bolt switch, allowing for cannons on different aircraft to be easily switched out. If one of the barrels fails, the other one can operate as a standard linear operated cannon, although at a far reduced firing rate. Ammunition: The gun fires high velocity combustible case telescoping ammunition of various types. A unique type of ammunition fired by the gun is the armor piercing combustible sabot ammunition. The sabots are designed to disintegrate after leaving the muzzle, which ensures that they are not ejected into the Lu-65's intakes. Barrels: The barrels are stellite lined with a bore evacuator in the middle to prevent fouling from being deposited in the barrel. Each barrel liner has a life of ~4,000 rounds. The end of each barrel is fitted with a recoil booster, in order to increase the rate of fire and somewhat reduce firing signature. Also, the barrels are ridged so as to disperse heat more efficiently. Fire Control: The ACAG-331 is coordinated by the MMTE-10 electronics component, which integrates data from the inertial navigation system and Sensor Management Suite subsystems to automatically track and engage targets with superb precision. An override for manual targeting is also available in case of malfunction or pilot preference. ACAG-331 Specifications: Type: Twin Barreled Automatic Cannon Ammunition: 25x200mm alternating HV/CTA HE Operation: Gast principle. Length: 3m Barrel Length: 2.3m System Weight: 86 kg. V0 (HE): 1,400 m/s V0 (AP): 1,670 m/s V0 (APCS): 2,100 m/s Round Weight (HE): 650 grams Round Weight (AP): 605 grams Round Weight (APCS): 580 grams Effective Range: 3.5-4 km Maximum Range: 8-9 km RPM: 3600 rounds per minute, 1800 rounds per minute per barrel. Lu-67 Advanced Tactical Fighter [Specifications] Type: Multi-role Fighter Aircraft Contractor(s): Imperial Aerospace Corporation, GEM Aerospace Personnel: 1 (Pilot) Length: 16.2m Wingspan: 12.2m Height: 4.2m Empty Weight: 10,200 kg Loaded Weight: 16,800 kg MTOW: 23,820 kg Speed: Cruising Speed: Mach 0.8 Max Supercruise: Mach 1.4 Max Speed: ~Mach 2.3 G Limits: +10.5/-4 G Wing Configuration: Trapezoidal diamond in combination with ruddervators canted at 45 degrees, forward horizontal canards + one downward-pointing vertical canard beneath the forward fuselage. Airfoils are supercritical and mission-adaptive. Ranges: Ferry Range: 3,550 km Combat Radius: 1,210 km Service Ceiling: 19,820 m Engines: 2x Imperial Aerospace D/VPCBT-2A Variable Post Compression Bypass Turbofan, providing 108kN thrust ea. Cannon: D/ACU.230A 23x135mm CTA Gast Gun Payload: 6,800kg max AirFrame The Advanced Tactical Fighter’s construction and aerodynamic design is an evolution of the Lu-65, much like the overall development program. Requirements surveys conducted for Project essentially called for the preservation of the basic concepts behind the predecessor design – that of stealth and agility – and accentuating these characteristics through the introduction of newer materials processing and fabrication technologies. Although superficially similar to the older aircraft, the Lu-67 represents a dramatic increase in mission capability with its incorporation of the latest advancements in aeronautical science. However, Lu-67 remains loyal to the original objectives of Lu-67 – a smaller, compact fighter designed to “rely on pure stealth and maneuverability to allow for it to sneak up on enemy formations and deliver difficult-to-evade close range ordinance.” The unparalleled flight performance of the Lu-67 is a direct result of this design philosophy. The differences in aerodynamic layout between both fighters are subtle, but contribute to a marked superiority of the former aircraft as regards aircraft agility. Like most modern fighter aircraft, the Lu-67 is designed with negative static stability to promote pilot responsiveness. The main lifting surfaces – the wings – are of the same diamond wing configuration as the Lu-65, which imparts excellent structural characteristics. This shape concentrates the load force onto the strongest point of the airframe, where fuselage meets wing. The wing design also exhibits very little drag at transonic and supersonic speeds as it adheres to the Whitcomb area rule closely, with the widest point of the fighter aligned directly with the midsection. A supercritical airfoil is mated to this wing which provides significantly improved transonic performance, higher lift, and superior overall aerodynamic characteristics. The diamond wing exhibits a very high degree of blending with the fuselage, which allows for increased usable lift and an extended range as the larger wing volume may accommodate more fuel for the aircraft’s powerplant. This extra wing area also contributes to the aircraft’s agility by reducing wing-loading, although pilots of experimental versions frequently complained of poor low-altitude performance due to airflow buffeting. The problem was largely solved with the introduction of Direct Force Control capability in the fighter’s control systems. DFC allows for the digital electronic control system to adjust the motion of the fighter without having to change the attitude of its fuselage, greatly enhancing performance in air combat maneuvering. The primary enabler of DFC in the Advanced Tactical Fighter is a forward vertical canard, mounted beneath the fuselage. This surface extends during low-speed flight, and affords the ACI-74 pilot superior agility in the horizontal attitude to virtually every other fighter available on the export market. The canard plane acts somewhat similar to a rudder as it slews left and right for sideslip control though the effect is magnified due to its position. As an example of this functionality, a pilot may keep his nose perfectly on target when following a bogey through high-G manuevers at all times. This canard retracts to lie flat against the Lu-67's airframe at high speeds to reduce drag. Two other conventional canard foreplanes are located near the nose of the fighter to reduce the impact of stall and spin by stabilizing airflow over the main wings and delaying airflow separation. These canards have a 15 degree anhedral to reduce aerodynamic stability. Traditionally, fighter aircraft have been limited to maneuver at angles of attack below 25 degrees due to the danger of airflow separation from the wing. In the design of the Advanced Tactical Fighter, however, these limitations have been completely overcome with the implementation of mission-adaptive control surfaces combined with orthodox techniques such as vortex generation and vectored thrust. The adaptive wings of the Lu-67 Advanced Tactical Fighter have no conventional ailerons, flaps, slats, or spoilers but rather utilize aeroelastic leading and trailing edges able to bend into a required position without leaving gaps. These are able to move from four degrees up to twenty five degrees down as enabled by its variable wing camber mechanism. Because the airfoil is able to adjust to a shifting flow, the Lu-67 is the world's first production fighter capable of exploiting the phenomenon of "dynamic lift overshoot" at all airspeeds. The airfoil oscillates as the fighter's angle of attack increases which forces the airflow to stick to the wing and enables maneuvers previously unheard of. The wingtips are also aeroelastic to enhance roll rate, albeit this comes at the expense of optional wingtip hardpoints. Other physical features of the fighter supplement the adaptive airfoil in reducing wing stall. The fuselage chine and canards generate air vortices much like leading edge extensions on the F/A-18. At high angles of attack, the boundary layer flow becomes sluggish, which creates the danger of envelope departure and hence loss of control - the vortices serve to re-energize the flow and keep it moving over the wing surfaces, improving directional stability and lift. The sum of these varied efforts culminates in the Lu-67 Advanced Tactical Fighter's remarkable "super maneuverability", officially defined as the capability of full sideslip control at angles of attack exceeding maximum lift. Post-stall maneuvers have been tested and executed in production models at up to 70 degree angles of attack without stall. A pilot may snap his fighter 60 degrees off boresight in a split-second by manipulating the revolutionary control systems introduced. In sum, the pilot of the Lu-67 Advanced Tactical Fighter will have a decisive advantage in the modern close-range dogfight because of the extreme performance gap between his aircraft and those of his potential enemies. The aerodynamic stresses of the Lu-67s flight envelope demands an airframe able to sustain such challenges. However, TPMI/EC learned firsthand the penalties of seeking pure performance from the TF-70 project, which led to the development of a different set of priorities for the airframe. The morale and logistical problems created by an extremely maintenance-intensive aircraft like the TF-70 soon became a massive headache for the TFAS's service personnel (cults dedicated to the worship of ancient and malevolent deities from beyond the cosmos have found great popularity among disillusioned mechanical crews, who have lost faith in a benevolent god). Like its predecessor design, the Lu-67 is a fully-modern, monocoque fighter aircraft. The frames and longerons of the fuselage are manufactured from high-strength 7475 zinc-aluminum alloy in order to reduce costs and weight as compared to titanium alloys. These components are superplastic-forming, which promotes fracture toughness and thermal creep resistance, and electron-beam welded to improve structural stability. The extensive use of electron-beam welding in the airframe also reduces airframe weight as this allows for the use of heavy fasteners to be kept at a minimum. Bulkheads and the superstructure as a whole feature resin transfer molded composites (primarily graphite-epoxy with polybenzothiazole in areas of higher thermal stress) of a high-strength/weight ratio, greatly easing fabrication processes. The wing structure, however, makes fewer compromises - the load-bearing spars are formed from Ti-1100, a very strong near-alpha titanium-aluminum alloy. The longerons are, however, 7475 zinc-aluminum as additional structural strength is unnecessary for these components. The fittings of the wings are hot isostatic pressing cast Ti-1100. The load-bearing skin of the aircraft is comprised of composites and titanium alloys near the front of the aircraft, with aluminum-lithium towards the empennage, and electron-beam welded to the longerons. Skin surface panels are formed from titanium on the leading edges of the aircraft and carbon-fiber reinforced para-polybenzothiazole resin. Use of these composites in place of a standard metal skin reduces machining costs and weight. The canards and ruddervators are the most expensive component of the airframe, as they are manufactured from Ti-1100 metal matrix composite, reinforced by monofilament silicon carbide. The aft fuselage features a very high amount of titanium due to the high thermal stress from the ACI-74's powerplant, although this is reduced somewhat by the use of carbon-carbon foam in a cavity surrounding the nacelles. [Avionics] The considerations of the electronics development were borne from hard lessons learned from previous TPMI/EC development programs, and the intended mission goals of the aircraft. Budgetary analysis by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency indicated that in order to replace the older Chimera's on a 1:1 basis, the fly-off price could not exceed one hundred and twenty million dollars per unit. As avionics and associated flight systems constitute a majority of modern aircraft costs, TPMI/EC economized wherever possible without sacrificing the key capabilities necessary to combat operations. The wide variety of roles that the Lu-67 will be called to fill, from ground-attack to maritime strike to fighter sweep, requires an electronics package just as versatile as the basic airframe. Lu-67 i features extensive use of Commercial Off-The-Shelf components, as previous experiences with all in-house design led to extremely maintenance intensive systems with little if any practical value. All individual electronic elements are unified under the Mark 3b Integrated Modular Architecture centralized processing network, to maximize pilot SA (situational awareness) and improve mission readiness rates of the fighter. A derivative of the more advanced Mark 3 IMA implemented in the Lu-65, the Mark 3b coordinates and controls mission-sensitive information on a tightly integrated software and hardware platform. Mark 3b relies on common processing modules and protocols between systems to reduce avionics costs and weight. Communications between individual elements are conducted over a rugged 2GB/s fiber optic backbone, which provides sufficient bandwidth while maximizing reliability. In addition, the use of this non-proprietary point-to-point bus allows for integration of foreign avionics into the Mark 3b to be simplified. The heart of the Mark 3b is the Central Integrated Processor [CIP], a computer hosting every individual element of the mission systems software. Two CIPs are found in avionics racks located to the front of the aircraft, with one operating as a backup. The CIP consolidates functions previously managed by separate mission and weapons computers, and dedicated signal processors to achieve maximum electronics integration. Twenty two processing modules handling general purpose, signals processing, image processing, switching, and power management operations are installed in the baseline. The CIP was designed with "pluggable growth" in mind, and eight additional slots for processing modules hosted on a card interface are available for expansion. This will enable the Lu-67 to remain operationally effective even as newer aircraft types are introduced by foreign competitors, reducing long-term costs by a considerable margin. As a whole, the Mark 3b Integrated Modular Avionics package is comprised of three main subsystems dedicated to mission management, sensor management, and vehicle management. All elements of the Mark 3b are modularly installed. Cooling for the entire suite is provided via a PAO (polyalphaolefin) liquid solution. The Mark 3b also includes fully functional diagnostic software which enables support personnel to quickly identify and solve problems with the ACI-74's electronics systems. The Mission Management Suite subsystem of the Mark 3b is composed of the terrain/navigation suite, fire-control, munitions management and Electronic Warfare equipment. CIP resources are allocated to each function as necessary. Navigation is provided by the CDI-1 system. Where previous avionics systems treated the myriad location-determining sensors of an aircraft as a discrete source of information, CDI-1 manages the data gathered by each individual system and presents it to the pilot in a coherent way. CDI-1 includes two primary sources of navigational information – an Inertial Reference System and a Terrain Reference System calibrated against each other to provide for unmatched accuracy in location.The Terrain Reference System relies on careful measurement of the terrain profile passing beneath the aircraft with a RADAR altimeter and comparison with digitally-stored geographic data. The primary advantage to using a TR system is that a standard TF (terrain-following) navigation scheme will alert enemy Electronic Surveillance Measures far sooner, due to the RADAR beam's direction. On the other hand, a TRN altimeter has an extremely narrow beam width whose energy is directed downwards, rendering virtually all ESM measures impotent. The Inertial Reference System component is comprised of two ring laser gyroscopes and an accelerometer located in the forward fuselage, coupled with GPS uplinks compatible with most standard satellite interfaces. Only one of the gyroscopes is necessary for normal operation; data from the second is fed to the Lu-65's fire control systems to automatically adjust gun position for drift. Fire control is governed by the Stores Management System, which monitors all phases of weapons release. Data from the Sensor Management Suite is linked to this component, which constantly updates the pilot’s interface on target disposition and type. It draws on CIP resources to rapidly calculate suitable firing solutions. The Stores Management System also functions to inform the pilot of the condition of payload, control weapons launch sequences, as well as door controls and emergency weapons jettison. The Lu-67 features an all-new Integrated Electronic Warfare System, comprised of various subsystems installed in modular apertures around the aircraft. In practical terms, the system determines the location and nature of all potential threats, thereby warning aircrew when they are being tracked, targeted, or engaged. A superheterodyne RADAR Warning Receiver provides all-aspect radar warning capability, supporting analysis, identification, tracking, mode determination and angle of arrival (AOA) of mainbeam emissions, plus automatic direction finding for correlation with other sensors, threat avoidance and targeting information. The radar warning system is active all of the time, providing both air and surface coverage. It also provides defensive threat awareness and offensive targeting support–acquisition and tracking of main beam and side lobe emissions, beyond-visual-range emitter location and ranging, emitter ID and signal parameter measurement. Packaged in two electronics racks, it includes cards for radar warning, direction finding and ESM. The antennas for the RADAR Warning Receivers are embedded in the external skin. Laser Warning Receivers are also present, which detects laser radiation and determines its bearing. In order to quickly track missile launches the Integrated Electronic Warfare System incorporates a set of Missile Warning Receivers, with their antennas built into the ruddervators. To increase the effectiveness of the system the MAW is also directly linked to the countermeasures systems allowing an instantaneous response to a local launch. The MAWs include a set of Rayleigh scattering processing modules, which serves to greatly improve resolution and accuracy regarding threat disposition. Active countermeasures equipment is also installed in the Advanced Tactical Fighter, and their effectiveness is supported by highly sensitive passive receivers. The Imperial Aerospace Corporation-made Electronic Defense Automatic Response System (EDARS) provides a full spectrum of automated countermeasures to defeat tracking systems in contemporary use. The key component of EDARS is the D/EJS-3A Electronic Countermeasures Suite. This system is an active RADAR jammer, designed to be used in circumstances when stealth is not nessessary (i.e., when a missile already has a lock). TPMI/EC software upgrades have enabled the D/EJS-3A to engage in DRFM (digital radio frequency memory) jamming including standard barrage or noise modes. In the DRFM mode, the ACI-74 manipulates received radar energy and retransmits it to change the return the hostile RADAR sees. This technique serves to provide conflicting and confusing information for enemy interpretation. For example, the jammer may change the range the transmitter detects through alterations in the delay in pulse transmission or the velocity the radar detects by changing the Doppler shift of the transmitted signal. An XC-100 countermeasures dispenser is internally mounted, which is programmed to deploy multi-spectral chaff and flares only in the direction of a threat as determined by the passive sensors. The flares are treated with chemical additives that spoof the IR sensors of most IR guided missiles. Additionally, data from the radar warning equipment is linked to the chaff cutting mechanism – the XC-100 is sophisticated enough to interpret the RWR’s information and cut the aluminum strips to increase reflectivity to the RF band being deceived. The Sensor Management Suite subsystem of the Mark 3 package combines the Lu-65's RADAR, IRST, integrated signal processing, encrypted data, communications, and the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System interface, allocating CIP processor power to the sensor subsystems as required by the mission. With the advanced, centralized architecture employed by the Mark 3b IMA, the SMS implements sensor fusion for the pilot to enhance situational awareness and reduce pilot workload. By automating the task of interpreting sensor data, the Lu-67 removes the possibility of conflicting data gathered by the various sensors and eliminates the need for manual cross-referencing. The primary detection tool of the pilot is a DPARS-92 Active Electronically Scanned Array RADAR, housed in the nose of the fighter. Designed to reduce weight, cost, and reliability issues as compared to the older AN/PSI-7 system, the DPARS-92 is installed as a planar tile-array in nose-mounted radome. The DPARS-92's transmitter and receiver functions are composed of 4,000 individual transmit/receive (T/R) modules that each scan a small fixed area, negating the need for a moving antenna, which further decreases ESM detection probabilities as well as aircraft volume issues. DPARS-92 relies on "quad-pack" transmit-receive modules, developed originally by Livermore Electric (a subcontractor of GEM Aerospace, which TPMI/EC contacted as a partner in the fighter program). These dies consolidate four arrays (each consisting of four MMIC chips - a drive amplifier, digital phase shifter, and low-noise amplifier, and a RF power amplifier) onto one chip, which greatly reduces weight, volume, and materials costs. The chips are manufactured on gallium-arsenide wafers due to the higher electron mobility and reduced noise GaAs affords than conventional silicon. To protect the antenna from detection by hostile ESM systems, it is mounted in a bandpass radome, transparent only to the band of frequencies utilized by the radar. When it is not in use, suitable electrical impulses turn the bandpass characteristic off, making it totally opaque. The RADAR's elimination of hydraulics for antenna movements and distribution of transmission functions into the T/R modules alleviates logistical concerns. The DPARS-92 is a Low Probability of Interception [LPI] system, meaning that the waveforms of the RADAR have a much longer pulse and lower amplitude, as well as a narrower beam and virtually no sidelobe radiation. The result of this waveform modification is that the transmitted signals are virtually undetectable by enemy ESM receivers, as the RF energy emitted is spread over a wide range of frequencies, hiding among the noise of benign signals that clutter the microwave region. A tertiary data channel screens hostile ECM measures. In air-to-surface operations the radar will support functions such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ground mapping. An AN/RSI-1 Inverse Synthetic Aperture RADAR processes the Doppler shift resulting from target motion as a means of improving RADAR resolution. Thanks to shared components with the AN/PSI-7, the AN/RSI-1 is highly compact, and adds less than 30 lbs to the aircraft's weight. By measuring the much larger Doppler shifts created by the Lu-67's own motion and the target's changes in attitudes, the AN/RSI-1 is able to extract the Doppler effects due to pitch, yaw, and roll of the different parts of the target aircraft, processing these to obtain a clear physical profile. This information is cross-referenced against a database of known aircraft types and presented to the pilot. Passive detection equipment will see frequent use during Lu-67 operations (as these betray no warning of the fighter's approach). The aircraft includes an Integrated Electro-optical Sensor System, providing high-resolution imagery, automatic tracking, infrared-search-and-track capability, and laser designation and rangefinding. The IESS utilizes a fixed imaging infrared-array to reduce maintenance costs, and is mounted internally behind a bandpass window to reduce drag and aircraft RCS. The assembly is also shared by an optical laser system, and is housed in the forward fuselage with a 140 degree field of view. The DIRST-6G infrared search and tracking system from the Lu-67 provides additional detection options . This system is comprised of several infrared scanners which passively scan the surrounding air for heat signatures, picking out differing infrared levels and mapping them out for the central processor, which in turn interpretes the data, picking out aircraft and displaying them for the pilot via the Mission Management Suite. Each individual sensor scans across red-scale wavelengths from 2.4-13 microns to enable all-aspect detection capabilities. The sensor is cryogenically cooled via Freon gas, which allows for the system to interpret finer temperature gradients across longer distances. Estimated range for each sensor is quoted at approximately 100km under optimal conditions. All data gathered by the system is post-processed by the Sensor Management Suite to enhance resolution. The Mark 3b includes a comprehensive Integrated Communication Navigation Identification Avionics suite, which combines the functions of current communications equipment, such as HF SSB (High Frequency-Single Side Band), VHF/UHF, SINCGARS, Have Quick, EJS, JTIDS, various navigational aids and transponder/interrogator facilities compatible with NATO-standard IFF systems. Based on common digital and RF processing modules , the system allows for all these functions to be seamlessly built into just one package. It also takes up half the volume and weight of the aforementioned equipment. The ICNIA provides functions such as beyond-visual-range identification friend-or-foe; secure, multichannel, multiband voice communications; and intraflight data link exchanges, synchronizing the displays of multiple aircraft. The Central Integrated Processors filter much of the information being passed to the pilot, presenting him with only data necessary for the phase for the mission currently being flown, to prevent information overload. The Vehicle Management Suite is responsible for &#$@pit controls and displays, flight and maneuver control, and engine/power control. It is independent of the CIP, with separate processing provided by three Vehicle Management Computers. Each computer contains a processor card, I/O card and power supply card. All three VMCs process data simultaneously, calibrating results across each other to assure data integrity. In the case of divergent data, two processors can discard the output of the other processor. Interfacing to the VMCs are remote I/O computers installed across the aircraft, which receive flight control and other inputs from hundreds of digital, analog and discrete sensors. These provide data to the VMCs via the fiber optic network control. The VMCs also govern a Utilities Control System, which manages and automates the various mechanical utilities found aboard the fighter. Examples of these include primary and backup electrical systems, hydraulics (for aircraft control actuators, brakes, nose wheel steering, intakes, et al.), fuel stores and climate controls in the cockpit. The Lu-67 is controlled by a centralized fly by light fiber optic system that takes both control input from the pilot and feedback from the various sensors and control surfaces around the airplane. Due to the critical role aircraft response times play in tactical aviation, a FBL control scheme was chosen for the ACI-74 Aquila-II. More importantly however, fly-by-light offers an attractive alternative to interference prone fly-by-wire systems. The popularity of EMI-based air defense weapons was not lost on TPMI/EC designers; thus, the control system is nearly immune to such errorneous behavior caused by outside sources. Additionally, the flight envelope characteristics of the aircraft are programmed into the system, which prevents the pilot from engaging in maneuvers which would induce a total loss of control. A manual override is available, in case of deep stall (which remains a theoretical possibility although no instances have yet occurred). Should the aircraft depart its flight envelope for any reason, however, a failsafe switch in the &#$@pit may be engaged that will cause the Vehicle Management Suite to automatically return the aircraft to level flight. Finally, the system is adaptable to irregularities in instructions due to malfunction by reconfiguring itself and biasing the pilot’s controls to compensate. All motors utilized in the transmission are brushless, which improves efficiency, reliability, and reduces generated EMI levels. Computerized Associate: The Lu-67 includes a "computerized associate", essentially a primitive artificial intelligence that serves as a combination of copilot and backseater. This is the same system used in the Lu-65. [Stealth] The tradition of the Lu-65's stealth attributes have been preserved and even enhanced in the design of its successor aircraft. In keeping with the objective of "first shot, first kill", the Lu-67 is engineered to be even more difficult to detect than the already elusive Lu-65. The airframe layout was designed with computational RCS modeling techniques, to achieve "spike alignment" of reflected RF waves. The angles incorporated on all horizontal leading and trailing edges are kept as different as possible, thereby dumping the reflected RF energy to the fighter’s port and starboard sectors. This results in large, but narrow RADAR signature spikes that are extremely difficult to track effectively. The fighter exhibits a high degree of wing/body blending, which provides desirable aerodynamic characteristics such as improved lift, while also reducing RCS by allowing electrical surface currents to flow over the surfaces without interruption. The lack of discontinuities in the mission-adaptive wings prevents traveling waves from re-radiating too strongly (as they must pass along the surface with embedded RAM elements). Some composite panels in the aircraft's construction are RADAR Absorbent Structures (honeycombed Kevlar sections bonded to carbon-fiber skins), which are intended to absorb microwaves in higher-frequency regions. The primary RADAR Absorbent Material utilized in the Lu-67 are Schiff base salts. In order to reduce electro-magnetic signature, the avionics bays built into the Lu-67 are treated with Electric Wave Absorbing Material. [Armament] The main weapons loadout for the Lu-76 is carried internally in order to reduce RCS and improve aerodynamic performance. Four optional underwing hardpoints are available on the Lu-67 for additional ordinance, if so desired. Use of these is generally not recommended due to mechanical stress on the delicate wing-warping mechanisms - each hardpoint is rated to carry only up to 115kg. Overloading the wings will cause the airfoil controls to fail, and may potentially tear the lifting surfaces off completely. The fighter utilizes Imperial Aerospace's ARSADS-M weapon system in order to allow for the aircraft to fire its payload stealthily. Drawing on experience from the Advanced Reduced Signature Aircraft Ordinance Delivery System that was fielded on the Lu-65, ARSADS-M is a modular system based on the highly successful design. Like ARSADS, it launches its ordinance rather unconventionally: the weapon system utilizes an semi-maneuverable undercarriage that is lowered out from beneath the aircraft while firing. The system is designed to allow for the aircraft to maintain a high degree of stealth while launching ordinance. Rather than using a conventional bay that, when open, presents enemy RADAR operators with a signature, the undercarriage system lowers slightly from within its own bay (just small enough to accommodate the undercarriage), and can launch up to five medium range air-to-air missiles from five separate launch tubes. Missile launches are aided via electro-magnetic coils and a high powered jet of compressed air, propelling the missiles out of the tubes, allowing for their engines to start a good distance from the aircraft. This means that the aircraft can remain better hidden, even when launching missiles. This also allows for ordinance to be launched during supersonic flight. The primary difference between ARSADS and ARSADS-M comes in the principle of modularity. Unlike ARSADS, the undercarriage system of ARSADS-M is designed to be quickly and easily removed by ground crews, allowing for each undercarriage to be easily swapped out. This adds a great amount of flexibility to the fighter, allowing for undercarriage systems designed to accommodate different types of air-to-air and air-to-ground munitions (for example, an ARSADS-M undercarriage may be equipped to fire sixteen short range air-to-air missiles, or one equipped to launch a pair of 2000lb laser guided bombs; the possibilities are endless) to be utilized by the aircraft. Generally, the operation of ARSADS-M is as follows: upon returning from a sortie, the undercarriage of the fighterwould be removed by the ground crew and replaced with a freshly loaded undercarriage configured to carry whichever type of ordnance is required for the mission. The spent undercarriage would then be reloaded with whichever type of missile it is designed to accommodate and reused, replacing an empty undercarriage on returning fighters. Name: GLI-133 Ank'ríat Type: Super Heavy Bomber Length: 101m Wingspan: 117.16m Height: 25.3m Empty Weight: 230,000 kilograms Loaded Weight: 449,310 kilograms Maximum Take-Off Weight: 572,330 kilograms Power Plant: Six F101-GE-102 augmented turbofans Maximum Velocity: 1,050 kph Cruise Velocity: 870 kph Range: Unlimited Service Ceiling: 16,000 meters Armament: six external hardpoints for 59,000 lb (27,000 kg) of ordnance and 5 internal bomb bays for 75,000 lb (34,000 kg) of ordnance. Defenses: Two internal 'Artus' cylindrical mini-missile close-in weapon system Crew: 5 Procurement Cost: 1.7 billion bomber2mp.jpg Name: GLI-122 "Blitz" Bombers Produced: 20 Squadrons Type: Advanced Heavy Long Range Supersonic Multi-Role Bomber Crew: 4 (aircraft commander, pilot, offensive systems officer and defensive systems officer) Length: 92.75m Wingspan: 89.25m extended forward[20 degrees]; 66.25m swept aft [60 degrees] Height: 22m Propulsion: 6x Aerone Model 555 VBPC Afterburning Turbofans Engine Rating (Dry): 226kN (23,000 kgf) Engine Rating (Afterburner): 245kN (25,000 kgf) Empty Weight: 170,000kg Maximum Take-Off Weight: 425,000kg Minimum Fuel Weight: 160,000kg Maximum Fuel Weight: 230,000kg Six External Pylons: 5000kg Each; Wet Three Internal Weapon Bays: Length: 7.5m Width: 4m Height: 1.2m Payload: 20,000kg Each Re/Movable Bulkheads?: Yes Wet?: Yes, 18,500kg Tanks [In place of weapons] Normal Payload: 60,000kg Maximum Payload: 90,000kg Normal Combat Weight: 400,000kg Maximum Combat Weight: 420,000kg Thrust-to-Weight Ratio[Combat Weight, Dry]: .345:1 Min Combat Range [max payload]: 3,000km Median Combat Range [60 tonne payload] 7,250km Maximum Combat Range [20 tonne payload, max fuel]: 12,000km Ferry Range: 21,000km Service Ceiling: 18,000m Initial Rate of Climb: 60m/s Airstrip take-off run: 2200m Airstrip landing: 1900m Cruise Speed: Mach .85 [1,010km/h] Maximum Speed: Mach .9 [1,070km/h @ Sea Level], Mach 1.5 [1591km/h @ altitude] Stall Speed: ? In-flight Refueling?: Yes Oxygen Generation?: Yes Avionics: AN/APG-525 LPI Phased Array Multi-Function Radar ( Maximum search range of fighter-sized targets is estimated at 270 kilometers – however, the AN/PSI-7 may increase this range to 450 kilometers) Next Generation Stealth Bomber Airframe [Stealth and Bomber Airframe] The unique shape and airframe design reflects this concern in a profound manner. The bomber has no vertical surfaces, and the angles incorporated on all horizontal leading and trailing edges are kept as different as possible, thereby dumping the reflected RF energy to the bomber’s port and starboard sectors. This results in large, but narrow RADAR signature spikes that are extremely difficult to track effectively. Both bombers exhibits a high degree of wing/body blending, which provides desirable aerodynamic characteristics such as improved lift, while also reducing RCS by allowing electrical surface currents to flow over the surfaces without interruption The sharp wing sweep increases the amount by which RF energy is shifted away from the forward sector. However, the resulting configuration leads to the possibility of "traveling waves", RF energy flowing on the skin of an object, to be set up. These waves can re-radiate a great deal of RF energy if they meet discontinuities such as seams, gaps or changes in surface material. To attenuate the issue, the bombers mission adaptive wing was used and all other discontinuities were either eliminated or sealed off with electrically conducting material. Ultimately, the traveling waves meet an unavoidable discontinuity, where the structure physically ends, but the amount of re-radiated RF energy is minimized by the extensive use of RF absorbers on the bomber’s skin. Other physical features have been redesigned so as to provide much less RF reflection, such as the S-curvature of the intake ducts. Both bombers makes extensive use of an advanced RF absorbing material known as Schiff base salt. Derived from research by Carnegie-Mellon University, the material, which is a fine black powder physically resembling graphite, consists of a long chain of carbon atoms with alternating double and single bonds and a nitrogen atom interrupting the string near one end. The chain carries a positive charge, associated largely with the nitrogen atom. A negatively charged 'counterion,' made up of varying composition depending on the specific salt, sits nearby, weakly connected to the chain. The counterion prefers to sit in one of two locations near the chain. A single photon easily dislodges the counterion from one location and forces it into the other. A short time later, the molecule relaxes, and the counterion returns to its original position. Notably, certain salts required a very small amount of energy to shift the counterion - they could be triggered by RADAR energy of certain frequencies. As a result, the Schiff base salts are able to absorb radio waves, and dissipate the energy as heat. This unique property is fully exploited in both bomber’s construction - a mixture of salts tuned to surveillance frequency bands most often employed by air to air RADAR systems (X, L, etc.) are dissolved in the bomber’s bismelmide resin skin and aerogel chambers. The SBS class of materials is additionally 90% lighter than previous-generation ferromagnetic absorbers, and extremely inexpensive to fabricate. Supplementing the SBS in reducing RCS is an epoxyide applied to the airframe that reduces RADAR return through the use of non-organic micro particle absorbers embedded in the resin binder. Production of the material begins by coating 5-75 micron alumina spheres with a thin layer of silver and exposing the particles to selenium vapor at high temperature. The selenium reacts with the silver coating, which forms a film of silver selenide over the alumina sphere. This is loaded into the epoxy matrix on a weight ratio of 1:1, which serves to enhance structural strength. Comprehensive studies into the absorptive qualities of the epoxyide applique indicate phenomenal performance – the silver selenide coated micro particles were found to reduce RCS by an astounding 20-25 decibels across the radio frequency range of 5-20 GHz. Also, the applique material shields the RADAR-transparent skin from being illuminated by hostile transmitters. AS-23 Long Range Cruise Missile Length: 14.2m including booster Diameter: 1.3m Weight: 12,100kg Guidance: Inertial with GPS, imaging IR and LADAR at terminal Propulsion: Pulse detonation, with rocket booster Speed: Mach 4.5 cruise; Mach 5.4 at terminal; Range: 4600km air launch, 3800km sea launch Altitude: 85,000ft altitude Warhead: 1600kg HE or 600kg penetration Germania-1 New Tactical Air-to-Surface Missile Length: 2.8m Diameter: 26.3cm Finspan: 56cm Weight: 318kg Range: 80km max, 10-50km typical Speed: Mach 2+ Propulsion: Solid rocket booster with small turbojet Platforms: Tactical aircraft (Ground attack Bombers) (triple-round launcher for 2000lb-class hardpoints, 1-round launcher for 500-1000lb class hardpoints) Guidance: GPS-aided INS with LADAR and imaging IR (A) or MMW radar ( Warhead: 120kg penetrating blast fragmentation (A), or 72kg triple-stage HEAT PLX-1 Air-Launched Air Defence Suppression Missile Length: 6.52m Diameter: 0.45m Weight: 890kg Guidance: Inertial with GPS, passive radar-homing seeker w/ home-on-jam with MMW radar and LADAR at terminal, or passive laser-homing seeker with MMW radar at terminal Propulsion: Ducted rocket-ramjet with throttle control and 3D TVC Speed: Mach 4.6 Range: 350km at medium-high altitudes Warhead: 100kg HE-Frag or flechette Aside from the addition of a conglomeration of new technologies, the new variant is significant in that it is no longer an anti-radiation missile, but rather an air defence suppression missile capable of striking both radar and LADAR sensors. When compared to the NALSAR, it utilizes a lighter airframe with a more efficient ducted rocket-ramjet system (as demonstrated on modified HARMs), with maneuver control provided by 3D thrust vectoring nozzles, small maneuvering control nozzles mounted aft of the missile, and small fins. In terms of guidance, the B variant utilizes an advanced passive radar-homing seeker with additional home-on-jam capabilities against ground-based radar jammers, though the seeker also has the added capability to engage communication sites and GPS jammers as well, albeit with a lower success rate. Along with this, a MMW radar and LADAR guidance package is also provided, in case if the targeted radar is shut down. When coupled with the GPS system, this can also permit the precision targeting of specific vehicles alongside the targeted radar, such as control centers and the SAM launchers themselves. PLX-2M Air-Launched Anti-Radiation Missile Length: 4.6m Diameter: 0.32m Weight: 480kg Guidance: Inertial with GPS, passive radar-homing seeker w/ home-on-jam with MMW radar and LADAR at terminal (D variant), or passive laser-homing seeker with MMW radar at terminal (E variant) Propulsion: Ducted rocket-ramjet with throttle control and 3d TVC Speed: Mach 6 Range: 200km at medium-high altitudes Warhead: 45kg HE-Frag or flechette Leviathan Air Launched Anti-Shipping Missile Medium Range Air/Surface Launched Anti-Ship/Surface Missile Length: 7.25m w/rocket booster(surface launch); 6.7 w/o rocket booster(Air launch) Diameter: 0.5m [wings folded in] Wingspan: 2.5m [wings folded out] Weight: 2300kg w/booster Guidance: GPS with Foward/Down Looking Terrain Imaging RADAR with active AESA/LPI radar (with home-on-jam and home-on-emission modes) and LADAR at terminal, possible datalink with AWACS/satellites or ship-based combat engagement system Anti-Ship Attack Mode: Sea-skimming(2m) to impact with twisting pop-up manuver(or regular pop-up). Surface Attack Mode: Terrain hugging (5m) Cruise Speed: Mach .8(Surface Attack); Mach .9(Anti-Ship) Terminal Attack Speed: Mach 2.5 (Surface Attack); Mach 3.5 (Anti-Ship) Range(Surface Launched): 400km Surface Atack; 350km Anti-Ship Range(Air Launched-High Altitude): 450km Surface Atack; 375km Anti-Ship Warhead: 50kg Depleted Uranium Penetrating Cap + 80kg Penetrating HE Warhead or 50kt Nuclear Warhead Propulsion: Rocket-Ramjet with throttle control and 3D TVC Countermeasues: Chaff + Flares ATAIM-8 Advanced Tactical Air Intercept Munition | Cross-platform Short-Range Air-to-Air Missile (XSRAAM) Intended for use as an auxiliary armament for tactical fighters, the ATAIM-8 "Tasogare" is optimized for the modern close-range dogfight environment. The exceptional agility and accuracy of the ATAIM-8 system makes it the premier weapons solution when beyond visual range engagement is no longer an option. Layout of the missiles aerodynamic surfaces was intended to maximize the missile's agility in order to improve hit probability against targets. ATAIM-8 uses a highly unconventional aerodynamic control layout as a result - unlike previous designs such as the AIM-9 or ATAIM-1 series of weapons, Tasogare uses a split canard configuration. The forward set of canards are fixed in place and greatly enhance maneuverability by generating energetic air vortices which increase airflow speed over the second set of canards located just aft of the first. Additionally, this layout improves the ATAIM-8's performance at high angles of attack by delaying airflow separation as compared to conventional control configurations. Strake extensions that run the length of the fuselage reduce exhibited drag. The swept tail surfaces swivel around the fuselage during flight to improve aerodynamic performance during high-G manuevers, a critical element in the ATAIM-8 XSRAAM's mission of engaging targets in close range. Guidance for the ATAIM-8 is provided by a gimballed combined imaging infrared/electro-optical seeker head. The wide-angle, focal plane array used in Tasogare enables pilots to engage targets at up to 90 degrees off-boresight. The secondary EO system serves as a filter against IR countermeasures employed by a target aircraft - the seeker is capable of rejecting deployed flares by cross-referencing data regarding UV and optical wavelength emissions with the IR component. Aircraft targets exhibit low UV signatures as well as heat, thereby granting Tasogare a fairly significant level of IRCCM (Infrared Counter-Counter-Measures) capability with its advanced guidance package. Additionally, the electro-optical system generates a clear physical picture of a target in the terminal phase of the missile's flight profile which increases hit probability and lethality. The seeker head is cooled with argon gas, and enables the ATAIM-8 XSRAAM to process targets with finer temperature gradients over longer distances. Digital signals processing modules installed in the guidance section further optimizes and integrates data output from the multiple detectors in order to improve IRCCM and tracking accuracy. The guidance package is fully compatible with most HMD systems and may optionally be manually overriden for command guidance from the launching aircraft. The ATAIM-8 XSRAAM's powerplant is a thrust-vectored gel-fueled rocket motor, which improves missile agility by a considerable degree. In order to achieve optimal kill probability, the motor uses a variable thrust profile that operates under long burn during the mid-course phase of flight to maximize range. At the terminal phase, the engine will use its fast-burning fuel component to engage in high-energy maneuvers to close with the target and thus enhance the likelihood of a hit. Additionally, the engine plume exhibits minimal environmental signatures compared to conventional solid-fueled rocket motors, which improves stealth characteristics. ATAIM-9 Advanced Tactical Air Intercept Munition | Cross-platform Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (XMRAAM) The ATAIM-9 XMRAAM serves as the primary armament of the Air Service pilot and is designed to retain maximum potency against all current and future aerial threats throughout the course of its service life. As a complete system, the ATAIM-9 XMRAAM provides a versatile weapons solution for air intercept of a given target.The ATAIM-9 features a novel aerodynamic design and flight control system developed in order to maximize missile agility and thereby expand the kill probability of the weapon. Specifications laid down during initial planning phases for the ATAIM-9 XMRAAM envisioned its use primarily at beyond visual ranges. Thus, the missile employs a tail control scheme which significantly enhances maneuverability at high angles of attack, a level of performance necessary to intercept an agile target at such ranges. The ATAIM-9 XMRAAM employs reduced-span tailfins, actuated by miniaturized servomechanisms, to minimize weight and volume. These control surfaces are additionally manufactured from aeroelastic material and contribute to ATAIM-9's agility by bending and warping up to 5 degrees for improved roll rate. A set of fixed stub wings are attached in the midsection of the fuselage in order to improve lift and range. Integrated into the aft section of the powerplant are small, side-thrusting reaction jets which bleed propulsive gas from the rocket motor for high-energy maneuvers, providing an unprecedented level of maneuverability. These are only active during the terminal phase of flight, however, as they consume propellant and thus reduce range if used superfluously. Guidance for the ATAIM-9 employs a two-stage system. At extended range, the deploying aircraft provides data regarding target disposition and velocity relative to the launch point via a secure two-way datalink. Midcourse updates regarding the changing attitude of the selected target are relayed to the missile which adjusts its flight path accordingly. Between updates, the missile operates under inertial navigation, provided by a fiber optic gyroscope in order to save weight and improve accuracy over more bulkier conventional systems. As the range is closed, the ATAIM-9 XMRAAM may engage its onboard RADAR system to track the target without need for additional updates, thus freeing its data provider to other activities. The solid-state active RADAR operates in X-band, and is able to track fighter-sized targets at up to 28 km in optimal conditions with superb off-boresight capability thanks to its electronically steered antenna. Once the ATAIM-9 has reached the terminal phase of its flight profile, a gimballed combined imaging infrared/electro-optical seeker head activates to maximize kill probability. All elements of the ATAIM-9 XMRAAM's comprehensive guidance package are hardened against attack by high-energy emissions with silicon diode shielding. The missile includes Home-on-Jam and Home-on-Emit modes as well. Due to the ATAIM-9 advanced multiple-detector guidance and agility, the missile has a hit probability of 98.2% in the terminal phase. The warhead is activated by a laser proximity fuze. In order to optimize missile range, the ATAIM-9 XMRAAM employs a liquid-fueled, ducted rocket RAMjet powerplant, manufactured by Imperial Aerospace Corporation. The rocket motor accelerates the missile during the boost phase, after which the RAMjet activates to improve propellant efficiency. The powerplant is additionally smokeless, which reduces the likelihood of visual detection. Edited April 20, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted November 1, 2013 Author Report Share Posted November 1, 2013 (edited) The Drakan Air Defense Network Air Defense Forces is a separate armed service given the mission of defending industrial, military, administrative centers, and the armed forces against strategic bombing. Air Defenses After the formation of the Dominion and the formation of the AirForce, the nation's defense leadership decided to upgrade the nation's Air Defense network to modern standards. The old system of lower, middle and upper tiers were done abolished alongside the old OTH-B and Bi-Static Phased Array RADARs. In their place, more advanced Active Electronically Scanned Array RADAR systems were built. By switching to AESA, the Air Defense Force is presented with a lot of advantages. For one, the defense network now has a Low Probability of Intercept, simply because AESA can change its frequency with every pulse, and generally does so using a pseudo-random sequence, integrating over time does not help pull the signal out of the background noise. Nor does the AESA have any sort of fixed pulse repetition frequency, which can also be varied and thus hide any periodic brightening across the entire spectrum. Traditional RWRs are essentially useless against AESA radars. In addition to Low Probability of Intercept, AESA has high jamming resistance. For example, Traditionally, jammers have operated by determining the operating frequency of the radar and then broadcasting a signal on it to confuse the receiver as to which is the "real" pulse and which is the jammer's. This technique works as long as the radar system cannot easily change its operating frequency. When the transmitters were based on klystron tubes this was generally true, and radars, especially airborne ones, had only a few frequencies to choose among. A jammer could listen to those possible frequencies and select the one being used to jam. Since an AESA changes its operating frequency with every pulse, and spreads the frequencies across a wide band even in a single pulse, jammers are much less effective. Although it is possible to send out broadband white noise against all the possible frequencies, this means the amount of energy being sent at any one frequency is much lower, reducing its effectiveness. In fact, AESAs can then be switched to a receive-only mode, and use these powerful jamming signals instead to track its source, something that required a separate receiver in older platforms. AESA radars can be much more difficult to detect, and so much more useful in receiving signals from the targets, that they can broadcast continually and still have a very low chance of being detected. This allows such radar systems to generate far more data than traditional radar systems, which can only receive data periodically, greatly improving overall system effectiveness. Eighty percent of the RADAR network will be mobile; while, the rest will be heavily defended systems. Of course, these stationary systems will have the capability to withdraw to retractable underground zones. Working in conjunction with these RADARs will be approximately ten thousand mobile surface to air missile systems for air craft and long range interception. For surface installation protection, short ranged missiles and 35mm 6 barreled Metal Storm cannons are placed for cruise missile and various other interceptions. Xenian Airborne Warning and Control Vehicle Vehicle Type: Xenian Class: Airborne Warning and Control Vehicle Manufacturer: Santhe Aerospace Crew: Typically 17 (four flight crew and 13 mission crew) however additional crew may be added as necessary. Breakdown is as follows: Two pilots 1 navigator 1 flight engineer 1 tactical director 3 fighter directors 5 surveillance operators 2 communication operators 1 radar technician 1 computer display technician Statistical Data LENGTH: 48.5 m WINGSPAN: 35.00 m HEIGHT: 9.4 m at tail WEIGHT: 55,000 kg empty. CARGO: In addition to the sensor equipment, the EC-33 can hold up to 500 cu ft and 20,000 kg. POWER PLANT: 4 x Santhe L-1 400 kW generators ENGINE THRUST 4 x Santhe BR715-C1-50 turbofan engines mounted in pairs on either side of the tail. Each engine provides 28,000-lbf (124.5 kN) of thrust. FUEL CAPACITY: 24,350 US gal (92,175 liters) MAXIMUM SPEED: 913 kph (567 mph) ON-STATION SPEED: 606 kph (377 mph) STALL SPEED: 215 kph (134 mph) CLIMB RATE: 1025 m/min (33363 ft/min) CEILING: 15,241 m (50000 ft) ON-STATION ALTITUDE: 10,668 m (35000 ft) DESIGNED G LIMITS: +4.0/-2.5 (Computer overrides at 2.5g) RANGE (on station at a radius of 1,852 nm): 12 hours -- 22 hours with air refueling STANDARD EQUIPMENT FOR THE Xenian: ACTIVE SENSOR JAMMER WESTINGHOUSE ALQ-250(V): internal ECM providing broadband protection. Estimated system effective radiative power 60 dBW. AUTO-PILOT: The Xenian is equipped with a computerized auto-pilot, allowing the pilot to relax or even sleep during long voyages. The auto- pilot can be programmed with a single destination or a complex flight plan involving multiple speeds, directions, and destinations. CHAFF AND FLARE DISPENSERS AN/ALE-55: 120 chaff and 120 flares are stored in rear of the Xenian COMBAT COMPUTER IBM-210: The combat computer tracks and identifies specific enemy targets, and has a database of over 10,000 images stored in memory. The computer can identify and track up to 250 targets simultaneously COMMUNICATION JAMMER: Designed to detect, analyze, monitor, and/or jam voice and data link signals INFRA-RED WARNING RECEIVER OLDELFT (IRWR): Providing rear aspect protection from IR guided missiles HOMING SIGNAL: In case of a crash of the vehicle, the Xenian is equipped with a homing device that enables rescue teams to locate a disabled craft or ejected life pod. LASER TARGETING SYSTEM: Range: 100 miles (160 km). Used for increased accuracy in the striking of enemy targets which is then passed to friendly units. objects by their IR reflectiveness. The beam will be visible to anyone with IR sensitive optics, however. OPTICS (NIGHTVISION): 50 km range. A passive light image intensifier that emits no light of its own, but relies on ambient light which is electronically amplified to produce a visible picture. OPTICS (THERMAL IMAGER): 50 km range. A passive optical heat sensor that detects infrared radiation projected by warm objects and converts that data into a false-color visible image. The system enables the pilot to see in the dark, in shadows, and through smoke. RADAR-SURVEILLANCE WESTINGHOUSE AN/APY-4 (Block-20): Multi-mode Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) . The radar can operate in both low-PRF pulsed modes to detect long-range targets beyond the horizon or high-PRF modes to detect all-altitude targets out to the radar line of sight. Mounted on top of the aircraft which rotates at 6 rpm when in use, the AN/APY-4 is a liquid-cooled phased array radar with an estimated effective radiative power 115 dBW. Nominal detection of 0 dBsm targets out to 600 km. The system has the capability to operate as a radar jammer providing broadband protection using the full radiative power of the system. RADAR-SYNTHETIC APERTURE AM/AP-110 RADAR: Detection range against 0 dBsm (small vehicle) out to 220 km. System consists of two electronically-scanned conformal antenna on the top of the main body in front of the AN/APY-3/4 AP-110 has 30 separate modes including the capability of operating as a moving target indicator (MTI) or as a synthetic aperture radar which allows the system to paint a picture of ground based targets to aid in targeting and thus enhancing weapon accuracy. RADAR-TARGET WESTINGHOUSE AN/APG-95: X-band pulse Doppler radar used for target ID and target quality tracks which could be passed to friendly units. Detection range against 0 dBsm target 200 km. System consists of a single electronically-scanned antenna mounted in the nose. RADAR WARNING RECEIVER AN/ALR-80 (RWR): Providing all aspect broadband protection from RF guided missiles. RADIO/VIDEO COMMUNICATION: Long range, directional communications system with satellite relay capabilities. Range: 600 miles (960 km) or can be boosted indefinitely via satellite relay. Xenian Electronic Warfare Aircraft Vehicle Type: Xenian - EWAC Class: Electronic Warfare Aircraft Manufacturer: Focke Aerospace Crew: Typically 17 (four flight crew and 13 mission crew) however additional crew may be added as necessary. Breakdown is as follows: Two pilots 1 navigator 1 flight engineer 1 tactical director 3 fighter directors 5 surveillance operators 2 communication operators 1 radar technician 1 computer display technician Statistical Data LENGTH: 48.5 m WINGSPAN: 35.00 m HEIGHT: 9.4 m at tail WEIGHT: 55,000 kg empty. CARGO: In addition to the sensor equipment, the EC-33 can hold up to 500 cu ft and 20,000 kg. POWER PLANT: 4 x Santhe L-1 400 kW generators ENGINE THRUST 4 x Santhe BR715-C1-50 turbofan engines mounted in pairs on either side of the tail. Each engine provides 28,000-lbf (124.5 kN) of thrust. FUEL CAPACITY: 24,350 US gal (92,175 liters) MAXIMUM SPEED: 913 kph (567 mph) ON-STATION SPEED: 606 kph (377 mph) STALL SPEED: 215 kph (134 mph) CLIMB RATE: 1025 m/min (33363 ft/min) CEILING: 15,241 m (50000 ft) ON-STATION ALTITUDE: 10,668 m (35000 ft) DESIGNED G LIMITS: +4.0/-2.5 (Computer overrides at 2.5g) RANGE (on station at a radius of 1,852 nm): 12 hours -- 22 hours with air refueling STANDARD EQUIPMENT FOR THE Xenian: ACTIVE SENSOR JAMMER WESTINGHOUSE ALQ-250(V): internal ECM providing broadband protection. Estimated system effective radiative power 60 dBW. The Xenian EWAC is a modification to the Xenian AWAC in service. While it has been stripped of all other devices minus the long range RADAR systems, it has been equipped with the following: COMMUNICATION JAMMER: Designed to detect, analyze, monitor, and/or jam voice and data link signals. The communication's jammer also has cyber attack capabilities where the AESA radar is used to insert tailored data streams into remote systems. ADN-2 Infrared Jammer: Designed to detect and jam incoming IR missiles. In order to preserve stealth characteristics, transparent lens covers manufactured from selectively permeable plastic serves to shield the device from RADAR visibility when not in use. The system is capable of jamming multiple IR and UV frequencies simultaeneously to provide improved performance. EOCM-6: Designed to detect and jam passive systems such as TV/FLIR automatic trackers NVR-28: A long range modification to the Lu-65 and Lu-67 NVR-27. NRV-28 is able to engage in DRFM (digital radio frequency memory) jamming in addition to standard noise jamming modes. In the DRFM mode, the Xenian EWAC manipulates received radar energy and retransmits it to change the return the hostile RADAR sees. This technique serves to provide conflicting and confusing information for enemy interpretation. For example, the NRV-28 may change the range the transmitter detects through alterations in the delay in pulse transmission or the velocity the radar detects by changing the doppler shift of the transmitted signal. NVR-30 Jamming Suite: The NVR-30 RADAR Jamming Suite is capable of Spot jamming, Sweep jamming, Barrage Jamming, and Base jamming. Lu-27 Condor Interceptor Statistics: Type: Interceptor Crew: 1 (Pilot) Wing span: 17.1m Length: 36.7m Height: 5.52m Empty weight: 26,761.9kg Weapon payload: 1,000kg Fuel weight: 26,756 kg Combat Weight: 56,194 kg Maximum take-off weight: 77,110 kg Type: 2x Lu-67j-N13 Turbofan-Ramjet Hybrid Maximum speeds: 1.3 Mach @ Sea level 5.01+ Super cruise >5.35 @ maximum Climb rate: 28,000 meters per minute Maximum altitude: 45,720 m Internal Bay Pylons: 2 Internal Bay limit: 750 kg each Airstrip take-off run: 400m Airstrip landing: >350m Combat range: 3,600 nautical miles [without refueling] G load limits: >17g In-flight Refueling?: yes Oxygen Generation?: yes Production costs: 210 million Price: 320 million USD per unit Airframe The interest in high quality airframes began with the development of the Lu-45 Hawk, and although the GLI-76 Falcon truly did not offer quite an advancement, the order for the Lu-27 did return a certain excitement in further developments with aircraft airframes. engineers, already with projects behind them that saw the continued expansion of airframe technologies, had the necessary backgrounds to shatter obstacles set before them and again shock the world with all new materials and proportions. In the end, the airframe casted on the Lu-27 is perhaps the most ingenious and well designed to date, although inherently one of the most expensive as well. Monetary issues notwithstanding, the new airframe should be able to withstand the heat of up to Mach 10 flight, although the aircraft is only expected to fly at Mach 5.5 maximum. The airframe has also taken a turn from one that revolved around maximum stealth, to one that focused on speed and possibilities to continuously increase the maximum speed without necessarily increasing the size of the engines. There was also a turn from metal based alloys to cheaper and lighter plastics although metal alloys and their high conductivity still find an important role in aircraft manufacturing. The Condor's ribs are constructed from titanium alloys. The original titanium ribs proposed for the first prototype encountered extreme corrosion and thermal cracking which would become only more apparent in higher velocities, and thus higher thermal settings. There were several techniques to generally increase the ability of titanium to do its job, including to increase the surface oxide film thickness through thermal oxidation, anodically polarizing titanium through galvanic coupling, applying metal oxides to the coatings and alloying titanium with molybdenum, something that has not been made commercially available just yet. The results were a spectacular increase in resistance against general corrosion, pitting and stress-corrosion cracking. Pitting being localized corrosion due to exposure of the metal to the open and stress-corrosion cracking defined as cracking under certain stresses and heat. It's easy to say that the Condor's ribs are perfectly capable of handling the job of holding the airframe together and are some of the strongest currently available for aerospace application. The increased production, especially during any eventual refitting of the Lu-45 Hawk, should make these ribs commercially available rather soon, especially under always advancing manufacturing techniques. The same titanium alloy accounts for thirty-nine percent [39%] of the superstructure's components. Twenty-three percent [23%] of the airframe is composed of a series of different thermosets. All thermosets laid before the project were commercially available, and in the end the two chosen were polyterimide and polybenzothiazole [don't]. Both were chosen for their extreme heat resistance characteristics which would be rather important for the super structure of the aircraft. Both are reinforced primarily by polycarbonate which accounts for even higher heat resistance, while in strategic locations polymer resins also make an appearance. The sister of thermosets, thermoplastics, makes up only one percent [1%] of the aircraft due to the general superiority of thermosets in the ultramodern aerospace industry. There's absolutely no chance that thermoplastics will make a reappearance in airframe technology unless some new thermopolymer is introduced with breathtaking advantages over some newer thermosets. Underneath the thermosets, and making up the majority of the inner walls of the superstructure for a whooping fifteen percent [15%] of the Condor is Rene N6, which made an appearance with the Lu-45 Hawk. The final twenty-two percent [22%] of the airframe is made of hardened steel and other, minor, ingredients that make up links, joints, nuts and bolts, as well as other smaller, but nonetheless vital parts of the aircraft. The substructure begins at the crest at the back of the aircraft, providing for the majority of the carbon-epoxy used in the substructure. The substructure of the nose of the aircraft is fully aluminum in nature, while the center of the body is constructed of titanium to account for where the engines are placed and where most of the heat occurs. Aluminum accounts for outside areas in the substructure, as well as parts of the back of the substructure. Hardened steel also makes an appearance for the undercarriage of the aircraft where the landing gear is located. The substructure being vital for the survivability of the superstructure, understandably the primary hardened locations of it are under areas of most pressure to avoid a scar in the superstructure. In fact, during the first flight over Arras the substructure near the front of the afterburner tore, collapsing the superstructure and skin of the aircraft causing the end of the prototype to tear off and sending it, in a fire ball, into the dirt some forty thousand meters below. Most of the aircraft's skin is constructed from carbon-epoxy and titanium; nineteen percent [19%] and twenty-one percent [21%] respectively. The former was used in sheets with the coefficient of thermal expansion being 2.1 for both longitudinal and transverse expansion, with a low compressive strain of .8%, offering itself to be a cheap but resilient composite material for use on the Lu-27 Condor, one of the principal design objectives for the Lu-27 Condor. Thirty-one percent [31%] yet remains aluminum however; specifically, a NiAl superalloy [Nickel based aluminum superalloy]; with twenty-nine percent [29%], or the rest, being a mixture of other components and hardened steel. The skin is laminated on the outside with carbon fiberglass for the sake of more heat resistance, and less important, stealth. Although stealth was never a big goal on the Condor, simply because the velocities achieved don't consider stealth within themselves - thus explaining the decision not to coat it with radar absorbent materials - it was thought that the foreign market and the Empire itself would appreciate the at least limited considerations to stealth. The air inlets are located on the narrow nose of the Condor. The inner tube doesn't curve at all to allow better flow of air and gasses, and since the engines are rather large, and on the wings, the exposed engines are really irrelevent to the design of the air intakes. The inlets are foward facing, with the outer tubes laminated in a nickel based aluminum alloy to deal both with heat problems and the intense friction of the passing air and gasses. The idea behind the new manufacturing of the lamination is that it's largely modular, allowing the lamination to be replaced easily and inexpensively every fifty flights on average. The air intakes include a one stage diffuser/dual mode and a thermal shroud. In a general overview the airframe of the Lu-27 Condor has been tested with fly-by-optics testing over Arras, past the three prototypes, and within heat intense testing windtunnels and other rooms, to withstand up to one thousand four hundred degrees celcius of heat, which is rather revolutionary when considering that the Lu-45 Hawk was designed with the then highest rating of one thousand one hundred and twenty degrees celcius of heat resistance. In fact, the Condor has proven to be quite the step ahead in airframe technology and is likely to be the basis of future Lu and GLI designs. Wing Design: In the simplest of explanations, the general theory on the formation of the wings was to go with what offered the best velocity without much over complication, although complication is the nature of the Condor regardless. For those reasons the Lu-27 Condor uses what in essence is a delta wing design, although much like the engine, it has been merged with a newer, more unknown design, the wave rider wing design. The merging of the two should provide unbeknownst velocities when coupling with engine power; it's to say, the ability for the Condor to make the record for the fastest interceptor in service will be made a whole lot easier. Another major objective set by the Laerihans was the ability for supermanuevarability. Although the pure form of the latter was never reached, even with the entrance of the Condor into history, the design of the wings does give a considerable step forward for supermanueverability. The wing from the top view looks like a standard, but enlarged, delta wing which has had considerable success in high supersonic flight. The key difference is under the wing, where the design is conically derived. To illustrate it with words before the engine there's a conical shock bump, which launches the airflow over a conically designed encasement for the engines. This leads to a cowl under the engine, which in turn sends the airflow through a series of plumes. The wings have been proven for flight at Mach 25, but since the Condor is not meant for such velocity there should be little issue regarding its ability to reach Mach 5.5 with the wings - which is a low hypersonic velocity. Apart from the shapin, the rest of the wings and the airfoils are rather thin for better supersonic and hypersonic velocity; nonetheless, the conical shock bumps should provide for maximum lift in hypersonic travel, although it should also help to make the aircraft somewhat ugly. The wings are constructed with titanium alloy ribs, following that of the main airframe, while the substructure is constructed from high intensity thermosets and aluminum. The superstructure is crafted from thermosets, thermoplastics and aluminum, while the skin is constructed purely from carbon-epoxy and some aluminum parts. The airfoils are constructed out of CMSK-11B, a single crystal (SX) super alloy, which is also one of the most used super alloys to increase firing temperatures which result in thermal efficiency improvement. The airfoils mostly follow the rather conventional double slotted flap and leading edge flap concept, which have proven superior to any other more simplistic flaps such as the zap design or just the plain design. The wing stalls were moved to the roots of the wing to move the center of gravity, and therefore allowing more maneuverability during stalling, meaning the angle of attack [AOA] has increased considerably, although the pilot still remains the 'weakest link'. Nonetheless, the aircraft should be capable of quasi-supermanueverability, or at least very good manueverability, and the wing design should prove to be able to increase the velocity handled by the engines and by the aircraft proper. Indeed, the Condor may very well lead international engineers towards new wing designs and it might be first of a kind, although it all comes with a cost. Tail Design: The tail design is rather conservative and simple. The substructure of the tail is constructed from both carbon-epoxy and titanium alloy, of similar manufacturing as the one used for the rest of the aircraft, including the aircraft's ribs. The titanium is principally the bottom part of the tail to provide structural strength, while the idea of building the upper parts of carbon epoxy is to provide some sort of elasticity and the ability for the tail to 'warp', which arguable gives the aircraft somewhat more maneuverability. The entire superstructure and skin of the tail is constructed out of carbon-epoxy and glass-polyimide, allowing for structural soundness and rather good resistance to fatigue and heat, as well as rudimentary protection of vital sensor and communication equipment located on them. The tail design are two vertical stabilizers, each set at around sixty degrees and about fifty percent longer than those featured on the SR-71 design, although a bit more angled. There are two horizontal stabilizers as well for additional stability of the aircraft, although the sixty degree angles of attack and huge maneuvers aren't really expected from this aircraft. Nonetheless, if needed it should be enough to stabilize the aircraft under most circumstances and offers more stability than the SR-71 and F-22 combined, although admittently it takes from the lessons learned on both aircraft. The increased angle of the fins, apart from offering excellent aerodynamics that go with the general weird shape of the aircraft, also serve to block the heat radiation coming from the engines and should deflect radar at a greater angle of incident, making the plane incidentally - har har, a play on words! - stealthier, although it's largely irrelevant, since it's moving at Mach 5 anyways. Regardless, limited stealth is always somewhat of an advantage in certain situations. Canard Design: For the majority of modern aviation history the canards have been an element to reduce stall and spin, providing a very powerful resistance against the two. Historically the canards are put right under the fuselage, at least on airliners, but they were brought forward on military aircraft. Recently, the canard has been put a bit behind the nose of the aircraft because placing them behind the wing, which was before thought optimal, inherently limited the angle of attack and the velocity a plane could fly at. Fortunately, recent technologies, like the aforementioned movement of the canards almost fully forward will allow the Condor to reach the velocities required by its contractors. In the past months the VeriEze configuration used on designs conjured in the minds of those at Langley Research have been quantified to be stall proof, and this too was adopted by the Lu-27 Condor. In short, the two canards are brought just behind the nose of the sleek, and long aircraft. The two canards are designed after thick high-life airfoils, which have proven superiority over standard swept aft wing canards. The outer wing of the canards droop a bit to avoid tip stalling eliminating any possibly rocketing of the wings during flight, therefore reducing possible G-forces in flight. The canards substructure is entirely constructed of the usual titanium alloy, providing excellent ribs for the support of the canards and the possible forces that will be applied on it throughout flight. In short, it should make maintenance a whole lot easier. The superstructure is designed from a titanium metal matrix composite (Ti MMC), which ultimately make the canards very expensive, at around two hundred thousand credits per canard. Nonetheless, the canards are very resistance to everything, which is what was needed on the Lu-27 Condor. The skin is forged out of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics, crafted by melting resins and combining them in a mold along with reinforcing fibers. Although the skin is relatively cheap, unfortunately the introduction of Ti MMC set back price a bit, unfortunately. Further Maneuverability: With the new airframe design, canard design, wing design, tail design and the revolutionary new engine set up the Lu-27 Condor has really made a change for the better, leading the world in aerodynamic potential and offering a leap to the mythica concept of supermanueverability. Nonetheless, teaching an old dog new tricks, if you will, still does not add up to complete what the Condor requires, which is a level short of supermanueverability. The result was thrust vectoring, but like everything else there was a wide variety to choose from. The ultimate choice was CounterFlow Thrust Vectoring (CFTVC). The two thrust jets were put right before the wing - about four centimeters -, and five centimeters up the airframe of the aircraft as for the flow of the CounterFlow thrust to not interfere with the flow of the air as the aircraft hit top supersonic velocities and even entered hypersonic speeds. Additional experimentation in Arras, following the experimentation done for the MAE program in the University of Buffalo, New York, proved that CFTVC was the superior thrust vectoring control design for these types of application, and during the fourth prototype's flight, the Condor preformed fantastically seemingly giving more credit to the powers of CFTVC technology. With this said, the Condor can achieve tight maneuvers in an environment of hypersonic air waves, allowing the Condor unprecedented control during flight and the ability to effective counter and destroy any extremely high altitude aircraft - from other interceptors to bombers. In short, the Lu-27 Condor has been given the ability to preform the role it was originally envisioned for - an extremely fast interceptor. Power Plant: With a maximum velocity of Mach 5.5, or at least one that was theoretically possible, the engines were of prime importance and there were several historical examples that offered some basis for the design of the Condor's power plant. However, in the end with no early precedent that offered the velocity needed, with the efficiency needed, the Lu-27 Condor was forced to introduce an enhanced version of the turbojet-ramjet hybrid present on the SR-71. In the end, the only thing that could have possibly been done was the exchange from turbojet to turbofan and the 'purification' of the turbofan technology which would make the brunt of the improvements over the original design. The end product was dubbed Lu-67j-N13 hybrid turbofan-ramjet engines. In essence and in basic writing, the engines when the aircraft is stationary leaves the bypass doors open, with the spike inlet forward, with the tertiary doors open and the tailpipe vanes closed. The morphology into high velocity flight would include the inlet spike retracting then moving back forward for restart, and the tailpipe vanes fully open with the suck in doors closed. Behind the spike inlet the engine, which is basically a glorified turbofan, has been enhanced to be much more effecient at high speeds. Instead of returning to blades, the engine has replaced them with blisks, or more accurately integrally bladed rotors, or IBRs. The blisk is basically a series of airfoils, or blades, attached to a rotor which is attached to the shaft of the engine, and it can be manufactured as a single piece, cutting manufacturing costs in the long run by a hefty amount. The IBR should increase aerodynamics and decrease total weight of the engines. Each airfoil is forged out of gamma tainium aluminide, originally forseen as a future evolution in aircraft turbine engine technology, and now made reality within the Lu-27 Condor. Gamma titanium aluminide, TiAl, is the base for an emerging class of low-cost, low-density alloys with unique properties. Gamma alloys are actually mixtures of the neighboring aluminide phases Ti3Al (alpha-two, hexagonal) and TiAl (gamma, tetragonal). The objectives, which were reached, in gamma alloy development was to increase ductility, oxidation resistance, tensile strength, creep resistance and porcessability. It's light weight characteristics should also ultimately aid in the increase of thrust from the same engine, which is a must in the development of the Condor. The fans themselves are wide-chord, damper less blisks proven to enhance thrust on aircraft like the Dassault Falcon, which would only enhance high velocity engines like those on the Lu-27 Condor. The blades are attached through carbon ceramics which provide effective design solutions for robust, axial inserted ceramic blade attachments for production turbines. Contact rig tests were performed during 2015 prototype testing in the Arras Technological Military and Space Exploration Center [ARTMASEC] in which the contact interface was simulated with a MIL-B type ceramic specimen, loaded with a radiuses Astroly indenter; the results were more than favorable, confirming that fast fracture strength was significantly degraded. The vanes were also designed out of ceramic composites with thin nickel based aluminum super alloy (Thymonel 8) airfoils, offering decreased stresses. Another advance within expansion of the hybrid engine proper was the exchange of oil lubrication with a more advance form of lubrication. The two other possibilities were compressed air lubrication and magnetic lubrication. Foil air bearings would cause the spool shafts to ride along top compressed air, but the heavy load forces engineers to develop the technology further, something that could have taken up to another ten years; obviously, that wasn't an option. So, the second option was chosen instead, magnetic bearings. Although magnetic bearings have always been looked upon in disdain by more conservative engineers the advantages they offer are beyond obvious, and the same idea has been applied to heavier loads, such as tank turrets. As a consequence, magnetic bearings have become viable for engine aircraft and they make their very first appearance on the Lu-27 Condor. Finally, the engines proper have switched their alternators with integral starter-generators and electric actuators. The matured spool technology and the complete avoidance of hydraulics within the engine should allow for greater velocities and less weight. In order to achieve the high efficiencies demanded of modern combined-cycle generating plants, it is necessary to operate the turbine with high turbine entry temperatures. Currently, gas temperatures at the combustor exit are around thirteen thousand degrees Celsius. The combed effect of thermal barrier coatings and efficient cooling configurations can ensure that metal temperatures remain acceptable with even higher gas temperatures. The proper coating was conceived from NiCrAlYSiTa, a vacuum plasma deposited coating and an air plasma coating. A secondary coating, CrAlYSITa was deposited by caecum plasma spraying. To increase velocity when using the afterburners the engines also make use of parallel fluidic nozzles. Fixed-geometry fluidic nozzles are an attractive alternative to mechanical thrust-vectoring nozzles. These devices would selectively inject small jets of air or sheets of high-pressure air (bled from the compressor) into the nozzle’s main flow stream to change the nozzle’s flow area and direct the thrust as needed. Because fluidic nozzles would not have any moving parts in direct contact with the hot exhaust jet, they should eventually be much cheaper to design, pro-duce, and maintain. Even when not in after burn fluidic nozzles should aid disproportionally in reaching hypersonic velocity, and achieving a possible transonic flight pattern. In terms of thrust each engine produces fifty thousand pound force of thrust, considerably more than the engines of the SR-71, although considerably more expensive. The cost of each engine has been revealed to be around eleven million credits, meaning that the two engine configuration on the Condor will post the power plant alone at twenty-two million credits; a before thought ludicrous price, as each turbofan designed before was under five million credits in design and procurement cost. Nonetheless, with the engine specified, the velocity accounted for should very well be achieved, although gas exhaustion would be equally as costly, obviously. Armament Stores: One of the trickiest parts to design was the internal hard points. External hard points were considered off limits for the mere fact that they would most likely be torn apart in the advent of high speed maneuvers, or even high speed in general. As a consequence, the entire weapon load of the Condor is internal. This does limit, somewhat, the ability for the Condor to carry heavy amounts of weapons, but then again, the new generation aircraft put out by Santhe has been much more conservative in the amount of weapons carried, illustrated by the fact that the Falcon only carries six missiles, or two JDAMs, for a somewhat larger aircraft than the F-35. Nonetheless, weight, and keeping it low was the major issue for all Santhe aircraft. The Condor does not break away from this new Santhe motto. The internal hard point is built into an internal bomb bay which has two rack pods, each built to carry two air to air missiles. The racks are inclined at negative fifteen degrees to give the missile a much cleaner free fall. In other words, the tip of the missile falls down first, avoiding the tearing of the fins on the AAM.176, the missile of choice for the interceptor. Therefore, include at negative fifteen degrees the Condor carries a load of four AAM.176s. Any other air to air missile can technically be carried, except if its longer than the rack's pods, but no more than four missiles, regardless of dimensions, can fit in the internal bay. The internal hard points are designed to withstand 20G turns, although the Condor will never get close to that, seeing as though the G-suit worn by the pilots can only withstand 11Gs. Nonetheless, it does ensure the stability of the internal hard points when the bottom door opens. Otherwise, the inside would be torn apart; a problem in older missile designs. Cockpit and Avionics: The cockpit is a single seat cockpit, with the seat slightly inclined to reduce the effect of G-force on the pilot. In front of the seat there's a wide array of screens that offer the pilot some of the best system configurations in the world. The largest screen is a transparent illumination crystal display that sits as a film screen between him/her and the cockpit's windshield. Information relayed to this screen have to do with brief flashes of incoming vampires or just detected bogies and bandits. Right under that is a primary multi-function display using a polychromatic liquid crystal display screen. It offers up to date information on the environment within radar and ladar range of the aircraft. Four up-front display systems laid out parallel to each other on the two extremes of the cockpit electronics panel are for the wellbeing of the aircraft. The pilot's wellbeing is tracked by the environment awareness module, which also keeps track of the nuclear, biological and chemical protection suites in the cabin. A final heads up display gives a 'god's eyes view' of the battlefield around them. The pilot has several navigational aids, including a satellite based reality reproduction system, a hybrid navigational system, inertial navigation, tactical air navigational system and a terrain profiling and matching system. These navigational aids, in the end, help the pilot know where he is and when, especially useful when hitting the maximum velocities of the aircraft, which may exceed Mach 5. He or she can control the armaments through the Stores Management System, and partial through Communication/Navigation/Identification. Tied in with this latter system is the Identification, Friend or Foe, system. To maximize aircraft cooperation the Lu-27 made handy its Intra-Flight Data Link and Joint Tactical Information Distribution System, which makes ultra velocity communication that much easier, which is vital for an aircraft like the Lu-27 Condor interceptor. All of this is centered at the Common Integrated Processor rated at two thousand million instructions per second, with signal processing rated at fifty billion operations per second. This is aided by the very high-speed integrated circuit technology, and separate modules. Aircraft well being is regulated by the Engines Indicating and Crew Alerting System which senses engine failures and slow detonations. The airframe is checked through a central nervous system running between the substructure and the superstructure which regulates heat which tells the CIP whether or not the aircraft needs to slow down, which in turn warns the pilot. The electronics are upkeped by the electronic flight instrumentation system. All in all, the Condor fields a very powerful array of electronics. However, the principal component on the Condor is the helmet mounted display. The HMD is linked with the central processing unit through a fiber optic network of wiring, which in the end makes it a sixth sense for the highly trained pilots who work with the Condors. The system should increase reaction time, which is invaluable at such high velocities, and in the end should increase the effectively of the avionics suit by at least threefold. Sensor Equipment: The Condor has relatively simple sensor equipment because at the velocities flown the most acute sensor equipment simply wouldn't work; regardless it's very radar heavy. The nose of the aircraft is occupied by an electronically scanned array, with wide bandwidth, while using less volume and prime power. Average ratings rate the range at three hundred kilometers for non-stealth detection. To update the image of the battlefield to the EFIS system [check avionics] the Condor fields an Inverse Synthetic Aperture radar. Both radar systems offer the Lu-27 a sensor suite that is capable of advance warning on its own, although it does receive a lot of aid from other sub sensors, such as lidar and ladar, all linked together through the Imperial Radio Detection and Ranging Central Nervous System and the central sensor system. There’s also a series of LIDAR sensor systems installed throughout the aircraft, including a single down-looking LIDAR system underneath the nose of the Hawk. There are also two wide LIDAR apertures on the front and end of the aircraft, located in hidden pockets to reduce RCS. All three LIDAR systems work similarly, and they all incorporate second generation LIDAR technology. The Hawk’s system is based on a transponder and receiver, beside that of the IFF transponder, which uses a Gaussian transmitter system to transmit LIDAR waves. The Gaussian transmitter is based on two electrical fields sending electrically charged photonic waves to bounce off targets and have active measurements on its velocity and location. The advantage of this LIDAR system is that the active RADAR only needs to gain a location on an object once before the LIDAR can take over, meaning a bomber can turn off its active RADAR to reduce its signature. The Albatross’ LIDAR uses Doppler LIDAR in order to keep track of an object’s velocity, as well as a LIDAR range finder. The missile’s heterodyne-reception optical RADAR uses a standard configuration [transmitter laser > exit optics > atmospheric propagation path > target] and [photodetector > photocurrent processing > image processing / BermCombiner/ local oscillator entrance optics]. The Silencer's transmitter is a Casegrainian telescope, which works much like the photonic mast on an ultra-modern submarine. The Condor has a forward sensing heterodyne pulse ladar with a rough range of around seventy kilometers for last minute detection. From the standpoint of the systems engineer, the most meaningful criteria which can be applied to an optical radar are those which, for a specific operational task, define the relative probabilities of recording the real and false targets. The arrival of photons either from a radiating source or as the result of a target reflection can be classified as being both individually and collectively at random. Optical Doppler sensing using the highly coherent gas laser in an optical heterodyne system has been accomplished using moving mirrors over significant path lengths where most of the engineering problems involved are by now fairly well under control. Within the Condor the model of a heterodyne-detection radar has an optics transmitter [Gaussian transmitter], protected by the filter, which his sent to the detector, processing circuits and then to the central computer to make the ultimate decision for reality. In terms of complexity, this is much for complex than an energy-detection radar, but at the same time more accurate. In conclusion, the sensor system on the Lu-27 Condor has designed for the aircraft, and this aircraft alone, and the coupling of lidar, ladar and radar will have its merits in the end to make the proper sensor system for the aircraft. Countermeasures: The Condor has two electronic warfare systems, the Advance Integrated Defensive Electronic Countermeasure System and the electronic counter-measure system. The former uses noise jamming, deception jamming, and blip enhancement, while the latter is more a threat management system. A third system, the Electronic Warfare, is a manual dispersion program for the pilot. The Lu-27 Condor is more designed to counter high altitude surface to air missiles, anti-satellite missiles and air to air missiles from bombers or fellow interceptors. The jamming systems include a broadband radar jammer and a multi-node optical jammer dubbed 'Ajax' and 'Menelaus', respectively. This built in electronic warfare countermeasure system should provide the Condor with enough to avoid enemy missiles at such high velocities. A belly dispenser holds seventy-five flare sticks for older, and even newer, infra-red targeting missiles while a sister dispenser holds sixty units of chaff, giving the Condor more than it needs of standard countermeasure utilities. Manufacturing Technology Status on Ti MMC Many fabrication processes exist that can meet the component fabrication need for advanced aerospace applications in Santhe. In order to focus the manufacturing infrastructure on a common approach for the near term fan applications, the TMCTECC team has worked with the Santhe sponsored High Performance Composites (HPC) program to developed baseline specifications for older and newer titanium matrix composites. These specifications are for green (unconsolidated) monotape and consolidated mill product. TMCTECC and HPC believes the key to establishing a high volume Ti MMC market is to agree to common material forms and common specifications. One way TMCTECC will be able to implement Ti MMC into fan and airframe components is by using the strengths of integrated product team philosophy. The designers, Ti MMC material suppliers, and component fabricators are working together to develop the optimum component based on performance, fabric ability and cost. For the Imperial AirForce to replace the current bill of material Ti products, the cost of the Ti MMC containing component must be less than the production model. TO achieve this while using $1100 per kilogram Ti MMC material, the designer must understand how to maximize the composite benefits while minimizing its volume in the aircraft component. This leads the team to selecting simple shapes with little associated scrap during the fabrication process. With this approach, the Imperial AirForce is projecting a 30% cost savings compared with the components being replaced. In service: 120 Aircraft Crew: F/A-18E Length: 60 ft 1¼ in (18.31 m) Wingspan: 44 ft 8½ in (13.62 m) Height: 16 ft (4.88 m) Wing area: 500 ft² (46.5 m²) Empty weight: 32,081 lb (14,552 kg) Loaded weight: 47,000 lb (21,320 kg) (in fighter configuration)) Max. takeoff weight: 66,000 lb (29,937 kg) Powerplant: 2 × General Electric F414-GE-400 turbofans Dry thrust: 13,000 lbf (62.3 kN) each Thrust with afterburner: 22,000 lbf (97.9 kN) each Internal fuel capacity: F/A-18E: 14,400 lb (6,780 kg), F/A-18F: 13,550 lb (6,354 kg) External fuel capacity: 5 × 480 gal tanks, totaling 16,380 lb (7,381 kg) Performance Maximum speed: Mach 1.8 (1,190 mph, 1,915 km/h) at 40,000 ft (12,190 m) Range: 1,275 nmi (2,346 km)clean plus two AIM-9s Combat radius: 390 nmi (449 mi, 722 km) for interdiction mission Ferry range: 1,800 nmi (2,070 mi, 3,330 km) Service ceiling: 50,000+ ft (15,000+ m) Rate of climb: 44,882 ft/min[134] (228 m/s) Wing loading: 94.0 lb/ft² (459 kg/m²) Thrust/weight: 0.93 Design load factor: 7.6 g[54] Armament Guns: 1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M61 Vulcan nose mounted Gatling gun, 578 rounds Hardpoints: 11 total: 2× wingtips, 6× under-wing, and 3× under-fuselage with a capacity of 17,750 lb (8,050 kg) external fuel and ordnance Missiles: **Air-to-air missiles: Technology: RIM-703 Long Range Ballistic Missile Interceptor Status In Service Primary Mission Exo-Atmospheric Ballistic Missile Interceptor Secondary Mission Ultra Long Range Surface to Air Missile Length: 6.50 meters (Kill Vehicle); 8.50 meters (Missile); 2.50 meters (Booster); .50 meter (Cold Launch Booster) Length Overall: 18.00 meters Diameter: 1.00m (KV), 1.20 meters (Missile), 1.20 meters (Booster/CLB) Wingspan: 1.40 meters (Missile) Weight: 2,500kg (KV) 7,500 kg (missile); 2,500 kg (booster) Warhead: Kinetic Energy Warhead with 50kg HE Secondary Stages: 4 Speed: Mach 8 Max Ceiling: 560,000 meters @ 250km Max Range: 1,250km @ 27,000 meters Max Slant Range/Ceiling: 280km Ceiling @ 760km Range Guidance: Active X-band radar homing [SARH and HOJ secondary modes], imaging infrared seeker, encrypted two-way data uplink for course corrections Booster Propulsion: Solid Fuel Rocket Main Stage Propulsion: Solid Fuel Rocket w/Thrust Vectoring KV Propulsion: Solid Fuel Rocket w/Thrust Vectoring RIM-702 Ultra Long Range Surface to Air Missile Primary Mission Ultra-Long Range Surface to Air Missile Secondary Mission Exo-Atmopsheric Ballistic Missile Interceptor Length: 3.50 meters (Kill Vehicle); 5.50 meters (missile); 1.00 meter (Booster) .50 meter (Cold Launch Booster) Length Overall: 10.00 meters Diameter: .533m Wingspan: 1.57 meter Weight: 800kg (KV); 1250kg (Missile), 350kg (Booster), 250 kg (CLB) Warhead: Kinetic Energy Warhead with 100kg CR Secondary Stages: 4 Speed: Mach 6 Max Ceiling: 250,000 meters @ 200km Max Range: 800km @ 27,000 meters Max Slant Range/Ceiling: 160,000 meter Ceiling @ 500km Range Guidance: Active X-band radar terminal homing [SARH and HOJ secondary modes], imaging infarred seeker, encrypted two-way data uplink for course corrections Booster Propulsion: Solid Fuel Rocket Missile Propulsion: Solid Fuel Rocket w/Thrust Vectoring KV Propulsion: Solid Fuel Rocket w/Thrust Vectoring RIM-701 Long Range Surface to Air Missile Primary Mission Long Range Surface to Air Missile Secondary Mission Endo-Atmospheric Ballistic Missile Interception Length: 5.50 meters (missile/KV); 1.00 meter (Solid Rocket Booster); .50 meter (Cold Launch Booster) Length Overall: 7.00 meters Diameter: .533 (Missile) .533 meters (CLB/Booster) Wingspan: 1.57 meter Weight: 1250kg (Missile), 350kg (Booster), 250 kg (CLB) Warhead: Kinetic Energy Warhead with 50kg CR Secondary Stages: 3 Speed: Mach 3.5 Max Ceiling: 40,000 meters @ 100km Max Range: 500,000 meters @ 13,000 meters Max Slant Range/Ceiling: 33,000 meter Ceiling @ 350km Range Guidance: Active X-band radar terminal homing [SARH and HOJ secondary modes], imaging infra-red seeker, encrypted two-way data uplink for course corrections Booster Propulsion: Solid Fuel Rocket w/Thrust Vectoring Missile Propulsion: Solid Fuel Rocket w/Thrust Vectoring RIM-700 Medium Range Surface to Air Missile Primary Mission Medium Range Surface to Air Missile Secondary Mission: Short Range Anti-Shipping Missile Length: 3.00 meters (missile/KV); 1.00 meter (Solid Rocket Booster); .50 meter (Cold Launch Booster) Length Overall: 4.50 meters Diameter: .34 (Missile) .34 meters (CLB/Booster) Wingspan: 1.57 meters Weight: 750kg (Missile), 200kg (Booster), 150 kg (CLB) Warhead: Kinetic Energy Warhead with 10kg CR Secondary Stages: 3 Speed: Mach 3.5 Max Ceiling: 30,000 meters @ 40km Max Range: 100,000 meters @ 13,000 meters Max Slant Range/Ceiling: 28,000 meter Ceiling @ 70km Range Max Range Anti-Shipping Mode: 125km Guidance: Active X-band radar terminal homing [SARH and HOJ secondary modes], imaging infra-red seeker, encrypted two-way data uplink for course corrections Booster Propulsion: Solid Fuel Rocket w/Thrust Vectoring Missile Propulsion: Solid Fuel Rocket w/Thrust Vectoring Edited April 16, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted November 7, 2013 Author Report Share Posted November 7, 2013 (edited) The Drakan Navy The Drakan Navy is one of the senior service of the Armed Forces. The Navy controls not only the Dominions vast fleet of enormously powerful warships, but also the majority of troop transports and the logistics train, as well as a large inventory of weapons of mass destruction. The Navy is unimaginably vast, containing hundreds of warships, and countless more support ships. In addition to the warships of the fleet, the Navy owned a vast constellation of hospital ships, fleet tankers, container ships, stores and replenishment vessels, ammunition ships, and forward repair ships operated by the Draka Fleet Auxiliary (DFA), whose sailors are actually civilian merchant mariners subject to naval discipline and obligated to serve under warlike conditions. Needless to say, the Navy also controls hundreds of forward naval stations, shipyards, naval bases, and other installations belonging to the Shore Establishment. Officer Ranks Grand Admiral Fleet Admiral Admiral Vice-Admiral Read-Admiral Commodore Line Captain Captain Commander Lieutenant Commander Lieutenant Sub-Lieutenant Acting Sub-Lieutenant Midshipman/Ensign Non-Commissioned Ranks Fleet Chief Petty Off. Master Chief Petty Off. Senior Chief Petty Off. Chief Petty Officer Petty Officer I Petty Officer II Leading Crewman/Petty Officer III Able Crewman/Crewman Ordinary Crewman/Crewman Apprentice Detailed Look | Fleet Organization The Carrier Strike Groups are organized as follows: •A supercarrier, which is the centerpiece of the strike group and also serves as the flagship for the CSG Commander and his/her staff. •one 'Executor'-Class Heavy Battleships [BBCN] (two extra ships allocated to Carrier Strike Group 4) •One 'Mandator'-Class Guided Missile Cruiser •Five Tector"'-Class Guided Missile Destroyers (Five additional ships allocated to Carrier Strike Group 4) •Five 'Majestic'-Class Guided Missile Frigates (Five additional ships allocated to Carrier Strike Group 4) •Seven 'Tartan' Class Guided Missile Corvettes (three extra ships allocated to Carrier Strike Group 4) Detailed Look | Draka Battle Fleet Carrier Strike Group 1 (one super carrier, one 'Executor'-Class Heavy Battleships, two Mandator-class Guided Missile Cruisers, seven Tector-Class Guided Missile Destroyers, Seven 'Majestic'-Class Guided Missile Frigates, ten 'Tartan' Class Guided Missile Corvettes, two Jorrmungandr-class Nuclear Attack Submarines ) Carrier Strike Group 2 (one super carrier, two 'Executor'-Class Heavy Battleships, one Mandator-class Guided Missile Cruisers, six 'Tector'-Class Guided Missile Destroyers, Seven 'Majestic'-Class Guided Missile Frigates, ten 'Tartan' Class Guided Missile Corvettes, two Jorrmungandr-class Nuclear Attack Submarines ) Carrier Strike Group 3 (one super carrier, one 'Executor'-Class Heavy Battleships, one Mandator-class Guided Missile Cruisers, six 'Tector'-Class Guided Missile Destroyers, Five 'Majestic'-Class Guided Missile Frigates, eight 'Tartan' Class Guided Missile Corvettes, two Jorrmungandr-class Nuclear Attack Submarines ) ) Carrier Strike Group 4 (one super carrier, one 'Executor'-Class Heavy Battleships, one Mandator-class Guided Missle Cruisers, five 'Tector'-Class Guided Missile Destroyers, Six 'Majestic'-Class Guided Missile Frigates, eight 'Tartan' Class Guided Missile Corvettes, two Jorrmungandr-Class Nuclear Attack Submarines )) Carrier Strike Group 5 (one super carrier, one 'Executor'-Class Heavy Battleships, two Mandator-class Guided Missle Cruisers, six 'Tector'-Class Guided Missile Destroyers, Five 'Majestic'-Class Guided Missile Frigates, ten 'Tartan' Class Guided Missile Corvettes, two Jorrmungandr-Class Nuclear Attack Submarines )) Marine Expeditionary Group I (three 'Executor'-Class Heavy Battleships, two Mandator-class Guided Missile Cruisers, ten 'Tector'-Class Guided Missile Destroyers, ten 'Majestic'-Class Guided Missile Frigates, ten 'Tartan' Class Guided Missile Corvettes) Mobile Assets: Centerpoint Mobile Offshore Base, Echo Point Mobile Offshore Base, Gladius Mobile Offshore Base Submarine Group I 1 Jorrmungandr-Class Nuclear Attack Submarine 10 Viking-class Guided Missile Submarines Submarine Group II 4 Jormungandr-Class Nuclear Attack Submarines 10 Viking-class Guided Missile Submarines Submarine Group III 8 Los Angeles Class Submarines Submarine Group IV 8 Los Angeles Class Submarines Submarine Group V 8 Los Angeles Class Submarines Submarine Group VI 8 Los Angeles Class Submarines Ships of the Navy: Zarconius-class Amphibious Assault Ships (America-class Amphibious Assault Ships) Commissioned: 2 Displacement: 44,971 long tons (45,693 t)[3] full load Length: 844 feet (257.3 meters) Beam: 106 feet (32.3 meters) Propulsion: Two gas turbines, two shafts, with 70,000 total brake horsepower, and two 5,000 hp (3,700 kW) auxiliary propulsion engines. Speed: 20 knots plus Complement: 65 officers, 994 enlisted men 1,687 Marines Sensors and processing systems: AN/SPQ-9B fire control radar AN/SPS-48E air search radar[4] Electronic warfare & decoys: AN/SLQ-32B(V)2 two Mk53 Nulka decoy launchers[4] Armament: Two Rolling Airframe Missile launchers two Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile launchers two Phalanx CIWS seven dual .50 caliber machine guns Fyre Islands Class Landing Ship [LSD] Commissioned: 10 Builder: Kreigs Point Naval Systems Overall Length: 214m Length At Waterline: 200m Beam: 32.5m Draft: 6.25m Displacement: 26,849 tons full load cB: .655 Armament: 2x STATIC II 4x 21 cell JAWHOL Launcher 6x S30 13.3mm HMG Complement: Crew: 675 Troops: 350 men Vehicles: 30 IFVs [10x3.75m] + 12 Combat Trucks [Humvee] Landing Craft: 2x Eagle LCAC [30x30m well deck] and 4x RHIB above deck with cranes Helicopter Landing Pad 60x32.5m w/refueling station Propulsion: Powerplant: 1x 60MW Advanced Pressurized Water Reactors powering 2 shafts. Max Cruise: 25 knots [57,352 shp / 42,785 Kw] Sensors: AN/SPS-110 Air Search Radar AN/SPS-160 Surface Search Radar AN/SPS-95 SSR Navigational radar AN/SSQ-100 'StrikeNet' Military Uplink Unit Countermeasures: AN/SLQ-49 AN/SLQ-25 Nixie MK-53 Nulka DLS Countermeasures: Towed array sonar utilizing a hull transducer or a towed active transducer or both. 'Tartan' Class Guided Missile Corvette [KG] Commissioned: 8 Type: Guided Missile Corvette Overall Length:87.5 Water Line Length: 85m Beam: 10m Draught: 7m Displacement: 1,842 tons cB: .31 Gun Armament: 1x 1 M30 Naval Rifle 82mm (3.3") L75 [A Position] 4x .50cal Heavy Machine Gun SAM Armament[B Position]: 8x Mk 170 Point Defense VLS [.34x.34x4.5m] for RIM-700 AShM Armament [C Position]: 2x Mk 55 Quad Armored Box Launchers [RGM-1130 Siren] ASW Armament [L Position]: 2x Mk 32 Surface Vessel Torpedo Tube Defensive Armament [M Position]: 1x 'Gungnir' Mark V Combined Gun/Missile System [4000 33mm shells + 48 JAWOHL missiles per system] Protection: Resistance against .50cal AP all around [steel+kevlar] Resistance against 25mm AP in vital areas Propulsion: 1x 16MW Marine Diesel Engine for cruise 2x 30MW Gas Turbines for sprint Cruise: 23 knots [8,681 shp / 6,476 Kw] Max Sprint: 38 knots [65,948 shp / 49,197 Kw] Range: 6,500 km (3,500nm) @ 23 knots Helicopter: Hangar and pad for MH-35 Complement: 90 Sensors: 1x AN/SPY-10 Multi-function Radar [100km detection, 60km tracking] 1x AN/SSS-205 Infrared Search and Tracking/Short Range Targeting Radar [25/30km tracking range] 1x AN/SPS-95 SSR Navigational radar 1x AN/SQS-56 Hull Mounted Sonar Electronics Warfare Suite: AN/SSQ-100 'StrikeNet' Military Uplink Unit AN/SLY-2 (V) Advanced Integrated Electronic Warfare System (AIEWS) AN/SLQ-32(V)5 ESM AN/SSQ-82(V)2 Multiple Unit for Transmission Elimination AN/SRS-1A(V) Combat Direction Finding Decoys: AN/SLQ-49 AN/SLQ-25 Nixie MK-53 Nulka DLS Fire Control: 1x AN/SPY-10 Main Fire Control System 1x AN/SQQ-89 ASW Combat System Countermeasures: Towed array sonar utilizing a hull transducer or a towed active transducer or both. It is an integrated ASW Mine Avoidance and Torpedo Defense underwater system 'Executor'-Class Heavy Battleship [BBCN] Commissioned: 7 Class Motto: Audaces fortuna iuvat - Fortune favors the bold Length Overall: 486m Waterline Length: 480m Beam: 60m Draught: 30m cB: .572 Freeboard: Avg: 15.43m Displacement: 496,651 Tons Gun Armament: 2x 3 55cm (21.7”) L75 Naval Rifles in A and X positions [130 Shells per gun] 10x Dual M11 Mk.II Naval Rifles [5 Dual Turrets Each Side] Missile Armament: 30x 12[3x4] cell Mark 170 Strategic VLS [2.5x2.5x21m behind main guns] Defensive Armament 18x Mark 30 45mm Autocannon Gun/Missile System [4000 shells + 48 Missiles per system] 6x 2x4 'Aegir' Mark V ATS (Anti-Torpedo System) Protection Types: Heese Naval Armour Composite Type A (HNAC Type A): 50% Maraging Steel, 50% Eglin Steel Heese Naval Armour Composite Type B (HNAC Type : 50% Maraging Steel, 45% Eglin Steel, 5% Austenitic Stainless Steel Heese Naval Armour Composite Type C (HNAC Type C): 45% Maraging Steel, 40% Eglin Steel, 15% Tungsten Reinforcements Triple-bottomed reinforced HNAC Type B keel with void spaces over a HNAC Type C frame; Rubber installed in void spaces, HNAC Type C crossbeams installed across bulkheads to provide protection against kinetic attacks. 925mm @ Main Belt 750mm @ Upper/End Belts 630mm @Lower Belt 925mm @55cm Turret Face 925mm @55cm Turret Sides/Rear/Top 925mm @55cm Turret Barbette 550mm @Deck 900mm @Superstructure/Bridge 900mm @Armored Magazines/Engine Room/Command Rooms 250mm @Bulkheads Propulsion: 4x 140MW Pressurized Water Reactors powering 10 shafts and 4 internalized water jets. Compulsators provide power from central power system to turrets Max Speed: 36 knots at [981,029 shp / 731,847 Kw] Aircraft: 12 Medium Attack Helicopters/Transport/ASW and 4x Medium or 2x Large ASW/Transport Helicopters Complement: 13,104 Sensors: 1x AN/SPY-5H2E Multi-function Radar [750km detection, 600km tracking] 1x AN-SPS-105H2E Long Range Search Radar [1000km detection] 4x AN/SSS-205E Infrared Search and Tracking/Short Range Targeting Radar [25/30km tracking range] 1x AN/SPS-95 SSR Navigational radar 1x AN/SQS-56 Hull Mounted Sonar 1x AN/SQQ-89 ASW Combat System Electronics Warfare Suite: AN/SLY-2 (V) Advanced Integrated Electronic Warfare System (AIEWS) AN/SLQ-32(V)5 ESM AN/SSQ-82(V)2 Multiple Unit for Transmission Elimination AN/SRS-1A(V) Combat Direction Finding Decoys: AN/SLQ-49 AN/SLQ-25 Nixie MK-53 Nulka DLS Fire Control: 1x AN/SPY-5H2E Main Fire Control System (Capable of detection 22,500 targets and tracking 2,250 targets, while simultaneously guiding 300+ missile or gun engagements) Sub-Surface Fire Control: 1x Mk-79 Anti-Submarine Weapon Control System (ATS) Countermeasures: Towed array sonar utilizing a hull transducer or a towed active transducer or both. It is an integrated ASW, Mine Avoidance and Torpedo Defense underwater system AN/SLQ-48 - Mine Neutralization Vehicle AN/WLD-1 RMS Remote Minehunting System Next Generation Countermeasure (NGCM) Missile Countermeasures: 2x Naval Theater Laser Defense System(NLDS): Advanced Solid State Laser which targets and destroys missiles. (5 MW) 'Mandator'-Class Guided Missile Cruiser[CGN] Commissioned: 7 Waterline Length: 272m Overall Length: 277m Beam: 34m Draught: 13m Average Freeboard 10.51m [Flush Deck at 10m with freeboard of 13m at stem] cB: .389 Displacement: 47,188 Tons Normal Gun Armament: 2x 2 M10 Naval Rifles 212mm (8.35”) L60 ETC 4x 2 M11 Naval Rifles 130mm (5.1”) L75 ETC Missile Armament: 4x 12[4x3] cell Mk170 Tactical VLS Fore [2x2x14.5m cell internal, 3x3x16m external] 4x 12[4x3] cell Mk170 Tactical VLS Aft [2x2x14.5m cell internal, 3x3x16m external] Defensive Armament: 10x Mark 30 45mm Autocannon Gun/Missile System [4000 shells + 48 Missiles per system] 2x 2x4 tube 'Aegir' Mark V Anti-Torpedo System [254mm wire guided counter torpedoes, mounted on the bottom of the hull facing down] Protection Types: Heese Naval Armour Composite Type A (HNAC Type A): 50% Maraging Steel, 50% Eglin Steel Heese Naval Armour Composite Type B (HNAC Type : 50% Maraging Steel, 45% Eglin Steel, 5% Austenitic Stainless Steel Heese Naval Armour Composite Type C (HNAC Type C): 45% Maraging Steel, 55% Eglin Steel Triple-bottomed reinforced HNAC Type B keel with void spaces over a HNAC Type C frame; Rubber installed in void spaces, HNAC Type C crossbeams installed across bulkheads to provide protection against kinetic attacks. 210mm @ Belt [Tapered 20 Degrees] 180mm @ Lower Belt [Tapered 20 Degrees] 180mm @ Upper Belt [Tapered 20 Degrees] 180mm @ Belt Ends [Tapered 20 Degrees] 175mm @ 5.52" Turret 127mm @3.54" Turret 30mm @ Top Deck 90mm @ Armored Deck 210mm @ Armored Superstructure [Conning tower] 127mm @bulkheads Propulsion: 2x 150MW Advanced Pressurized Water Reactors powering 6 shafts. Compulsators provide power from central power system to turrets. Max Speed: 38 knots [315,924 shp / 235,679 Kw] Aircraft: 1 Medium ASW Helicopters [30mx25m Helo Pad, 30mx20m Hangar] Complement: 1082, 10 Flight Crew Sensors: 1x AN/SPY-6 Multi-function Radar [600km detection, 500km tracking] 1x AN-SPS-106 Long Range Search Radar [800km detection] 2x AN/SSS-205 Infrared Search and Tracking/Short Range Targeting Radar [25/30km tracking range] 1x AN/SPS-95 SSR Navigational radar 1x AN/SQS-56 Hull Mounted Sonar Electronics Warfare Suite: AN/SLY-2 (V) Advanced Integrated Electronic Warfare System (AIEWS) AN/SLQ-32(V)5 ESM AN/SSQ-82(V)2 Multiple Unit for Transmission Elimination AN/SRS-1A(V) Combat Direction Finding Decoys: AN/SLQ-49 AN/SLQ-25 Nixie MK-53 Nulka DLS Fire Control: 1x AN/SPY-6 Main Fire Control System (Capable of detection 20,000 targets and tracking 2,000 targets, while simultaneously guiding 250+ missile or gun engagements) 1x AN/SQQ-89 ASW Combat System Countermeasures: Towed array sonar utilizing a hull transducer or a towed active transducer or both. It is an integrated ASW Mine Avoidance and Torpedo Defense underwater system Next Generation Countermeasure (NGCM) Missile Countermeasures: 1x Naval Theater Laser Defense System(NTLDS): Advanced Free-Electron Laser which target and destroys missiles and some shells, also proven to disable satellites in orbit. (5 MW Max Design Output) [Mounted in superstructure's center] 'Majestic'-Class Guided Missile Frigate [FGN] Commissioned: 6 Waterline Length: 156m Overall Length: 160.64m Beam: 18m Draught: 11m Average Freeboard 7.51m [Flush Deck at 7m with freeboard of 10m at stem] cB: .32 Displacement: 9,973 Tons Normal Gun Armament: 1x 2 M30 Naval Rifle 82mm (3.3") L75 Missile Armament: 2x 48 [6x8] cell Mk170 Escort VLS [1x1x10m cell internal, 1.5x1.5x11.5m external] Torpedo Armament: 2x Mark 653 Triple 650mm Torpedo Tubes [Above Deck] Defensive Armament: 2x Mark 30 45mm Autocannon Gun/Missile System [4000 33mm shells + 48 Missiles per system] 1x 2x4 tube 'Aegir' Mark V Anti-Torpedo System [254mm wire guided counter torpedoes, mounted on the bottom of the hull facing down] Protection Types: Heese Naval Armour Composite Type A (HNAC Type A): 50% Maraging Steel, 50% Eglin Steel Heese Naval Armour Composite Type B (HNAC Type : 50% Maraging Steel, 45% Eglin Steel, 5% Austenitic Stainless Steel Heese Naval Armour Composite Type C (HNAC Type C): 45% Maraging Steel, 55% Eglin Steel Triple-bottomed reinforced HNAC Type B keel with void spaces over a HNAC Type C frame; Rubber installed in void spaces, HNAC Type C crossbeams installed across bulkheads to provide protection against kinetic attacks. 90mm @ Belt [Tapered 20 Degrees] 5mm @ Lower Belt [Tapered 20 Degrees] 45mm @ Upper Belt/Ends [Tapered 20 Degrees] 5mm @ Top Deck 20mm @ Armored Deck 110mm @ Armored Superstructure [Conning tower] 90mm+Kevlar @bulkheads Propulsion: 2x 60MW Advanced Pressurized Water Reactors powering 6 shafts. Compulsators provide power from central power system to turrets. Max Cruise: 37 knots [127,980 shp / 95,473 Kw] Aircraft: 2 Medium ASW Helicopters [30mx25m Helo Pad, 30mx20m Hangar] Complement: 210, 20 Flight Crew Sensors: 1x AN/SPY-6 Multi-function Radar [600km detection, 500km tracking] 1x AN-SPS-106 Long Range Search Radar [800km detection] 2x AN/SSS-205 Infrared Search and Tracking/Short Range Targeting Radar [25/30km tracking range] 1x AN/SPS-95 SSR Navigational radar 1x AN/SQS-56 Hull Mounted Sonar Electronics Warfare Suite: AN/SSQ-100 'StrikeNet' Military Uplink Unit AN/SLY-2 (V) Advanced Integrated Electronic Warfare System (AIEWS) AN/SLQ-32(V)5 ESM AN/SSQ-82(V)2 Multiple Unit for Transmission Elimination AN/SRS-1A(V) Combat Direction Finding Decoys: AN/SLQ-49 AN/SLQ-25 Nixie MK-53 Nulka DLS Fire Control: 1x AN/SPY-6 Main Fire Control System (Capable of detection 20,000 targets and tracking 2,000 targets, while simultaneously guiding 250+ missile or gun engagements) 1x AN/SQQ-89 ASW Combat System Countermeasures: Towed array sonar utilizing a hull transducer or a towed active transducer or both. It is an integrated ASW Mine Avoidance and Torpedo Defense underwater system Next Generation Countermeasure (NGCM) 'Tector'-Class Guided Missile Destroyer [DGN] Commissioned: 6 Waterline Length: 200m Overall Length: 206.35m Beam: 20m Draught: 11m Average Freeboard 8.59m [Flush Deck at 8m with freeboard of 11 at stem] cB: .316 Displacement: 14,029 Tons Normal Gun Armament: 2x 2 M11 Naval Rifle 130mm (5.1") L75 Missile Armament: 1x 48 [12x4] cell Mk170 Escort VLS [1x1x10m cell internal, 1.5x1.5x11.5m external] 2x 48 [6x8] cell Mk170 Escort VLS Torpedo Armament: 2x Mark 653 Triple 650mm Torpedo Tubes [Above Deck] Defensive Armament: 8x Mark 30 45mm Autocannon Gun/Missile System [4000 shells + 48 Missiles per system] 1x 2x4 tube 'Aegir' Mark V Anti-Torpedo System [254mm wire guided counter torpedoes, mounted on the bottom of the hull facing down] Protection Types: Heese Naval Armour Composite Type A (HNAC Type A): 50% Maraging Steel, 50% Eglin Steel Heese Naval Armour Composite Type B (HNAC Type : 50% Maraging Steel, 45% Eglin Steel, 5% Austenitic Stainless Steel Heese Naval Armour Composite Type C (HNAC Type C): 45% Maraging Steel, 55% Eglin Steel Triple-bottomed reinforced HNAC Type B keel with void spaces over a HNAC Type C frame; Rubber installed in void spaces, HNAC Type C crossbeams installed across bulkheads to provide protection against kinetic attacks. 90mm @ Belt [Tapered 20 Degrees] 45mm @ Lower Belt [Tapered 20 Degrees] 45mm @ Upper Belt [Tapered 20 Degrees] 127mm @3.54" Turret 5mm @ Top Deck 20mm @ Armored Deck 110mm @ Armored Superstructure [Conning tower] 90mm+Kevlar @bulkheads Propulsion: 2x 60MW Advanced Pressurized Water Reactors powering 2 shafts. Compulsators provide power from central power system to turrets. Max Cruise: 37 knots [140,206 shp / 104,594 Kw] Aircraft: 2 Medium ASW Helicopters [30mx25m Helo Pad, 30mx20m Hangar] Complement: 322, 20 Flight Crew Sensors: 1x AN/SPY-6 Multi-function Radar [600km detection, 500km tracking] 1x AN-SPS-106 Long Range Search Radar [800km detection] 2x AN/SSS-205 Infrared Search and Tracking/Short Range Targeting Radar [25/30km tracking range] 1x AN/SPS-95 SSR Navigational radar 1x AN/SQS-56 Hull Mounted Sonar Electronics Warfare Suite: AN/SLY-2 (V) Advanced Integrated Electronic Warfare System (AIEWS) AN/SLQ-32(V)5 ESM AN/SSQ-82(V)2 Multiple Unit for Transmission Elimination AN/SRS-1A(V) Combat Direction Finding Decoys: AN/SLQ-49 AN/SLQ-25 Nixie MK-53 Nulka DLS Fire Control: 1x AN/SPY-6 Main Fire Control System (Capable of detection 20,000 targets and tracking 2,000 targets, while simultaneously guiding 250+ missile or gun engagements) 1x AN/SQQ-89 ASW Combat System Countermeasures: Towed array sonar utilizing a hull transducer or a towed active transducer or both. It is an integrated ASW Mine Avoidance and Torpedo Defense underwater system Next Generation Countermeasure (NGCM) Jormungandr-Class Nuclear Attack Submarine (SSN) Commissioned: 10 Classification: Large Attack Submersible, Nuclear (SSN) Dimensions: -Length: 152 m -Beam: 12.9 m -Draft: 8.9 m Displacement: -Surfaced: 12,750 tonnes -Submerged: 17,250 tonnes Crew: [82] -Enlisted: 63 -Officers: 19 -Endurance: 90 Days of stores Propulsion: -1x 200 MW SG6I Improved PbBi-cooled Fast Reactor -2x DSM12 Electric Drives rated at 29,000 Shaft Horsepower each -2x 850 shp Auxiliary Diesel Generators for emergency operations -1x Shrouded Pump-Jet Propulsor [2 contra-rotating screws; nine blades each] Speeds: -Surfaced: 18 knots -Surfaced: 7 knots [Auxiliary Diesel Power] -Submerged: 25 knots [Max Silent Speed] -Submerged: 35 knots Operational Depths: -Maximum Safe: 800 m -Never-Exceed: 1050 m -Crush: 1150 m Hull: -Dual Hulls Constructed Out of a Non-Magnetic Titanium alloy -Both Hulls Coated With an Anechoic Polymer -Outer Hull Equipped With Advanced 'Muffler' Anechoic Tiles Armament: -2x 1000mm Torpedo Tubes -4x 660mm (26”) Torpedo Tubes -24x 660mm Torpedoes or 2 Naval Mines per Torpedo or Tube-Launched Missiles -8x 1000mm Torpedoes -18x VLS tubes [2 x 11 m Tactical] Systems/Sonar/Radar/Countermeasures: -'Mark V' photonics mast -'Mark VI' photonics mast -RSS-500 Surface Search/Nav Radar (LPI, I-band) -RPA-II Sail-Mounted Passive/Active Search/Attack Radar -'Naval Net' Submarine Battle and Communication Systems Suite -'Sure Beam' Wide-Beam Laser Transceiver -SPR-VII Passive Ranging & Identification Sonar -'Anaconda' Tactical Towed Sonar Array -Mk.IV Active/Passive Sonar Array -'Fiddler' Torpedo Countermeasures System -'Quiet-Noise' Active-noise Cancellation System -SES-7 ECM/ECCM Class: Viking Class Type: Guided/Ballistic Missile Submersible, Nuclear Ships in Class: 12x Guided Missile Submarines, 8x Ballistic Missile Submarines Dimensions- Length: 303 m Beam: 41 m Draft: 19 m Displacement- Displacement (Surfaced): 80,000 tons Displacement (Submerged): 100,000 tons Speeds- Surfaced (full ahead): 10 knots Surfaced (auxiliary power): 5 knots Submerged (full ahead): 30 knots Submerged (Silent): 8 knots Endurance: 180 days Class: Venator-class Type: Guided/Ballistic Missile Submersible, Nuclear Ships in Class: 12x Guided Missile Submarines, 8x Ballistic Missile Submarines Dimensions- Length: 303 m Beam: 41 m Draft: 19 m Displacement- Displacement (Surfaced): 80,000 tons Displacement (Submerged): 100,000 tons Speeds- Surfaced (full ahead): 10 knots Surfaced (auxiliary power): 5 knots Submerged (full ahead): 30 knots Submerged (Silent): 8 knots Endurance: 180 days Operating Depths- Maximum Safe Depth 2000 feet Never-Exceed Depth: 2500 feet Crush Depth: 2800 feet Propulsion- 3x 200 MW JS-30A Improved Liquid PbBi Nuclear Reactor 4x Direct-flow LM Turbine [OK2] [Ceramic] [50,000 shp] 8x JS-50 Low Rotation Induction Generators rated at 2,500 kwh each 4x 1300 hp Auxiliary Diesel Generators (emergency power) 2x Dual prop Inline contra-rotating Nine bladed; Williamson Disk Actuators (WDA) Propellers (4 props) Crew [320]- Officers: 92 Enlisted: 228 Armament- 40x Mk. 36 SLBM DLO Capable Tubes or 120x Broadside SHASM Tubes 20x SA-N-60 ‘Sea Bishop’ SAM [Non-Reloadable Underway] 6x SA-N-33 ‘Sea-Wraith’ Sub/SAM [Non-Reloadable Underway] 4x 660 mm Torpedo Tubes [Forward] 2x 1000 mm Torpedo Tubes [Forward] Construction- Dual Hulled, Titanium Inner Hull internally coated with Foamed Aluminum Buoyancy Reserve: 40% Dual Shrouded Pump-jet or Propulsor at Rear Large vertical tail w/ rubber forward of the Propulsor Short horizontal stabilizers at rear Wide rear dive plane between propulsors Retractable Bow Planes Both Hulls Wrapped in Anechoic Polymer Outer hull covered in ‘Dark Echo’ class Anechoic Tiles Peizo-Ceramic based Active Vibration dampening bearing system 'Preator'-Class Fleet Carrier [CVN] Commissioned: 6 * Length: 512 meter * Height: 70 meter. * Width : 91 meter. * Displacement: 377,000 tons Ship's Complement: * Ships' crew (2,996 men) * Air Group (1000 men) * Marine reinforced company (230 men) Aircraft: Up to 110 Fixed Wing Aircraft and 12 Helicopters Elevators: Four 40x35m (length x width) Catapults: 6x 100m EM Catapults (49m/sec^2 / 6 Gees) Complement: 3,200 Ships Company; 3,200 Air Wing Propulsion System: Main power system: 3 ISD-72x nuclear fission reactors with a rated power of 184 MW each. * Propulsion Systems (4): SFS I-a2b engines mounted in two pairs at the lower stern of the ship, with the exhausts surrounded by a heavy shroud for impact protection and infra-red signature reduction. The total effective propulsive power is 370 MW (500,000 SHP). Armour Protection Protection Types: Heese Naval Armour Composite Type A (HNAC Type A): 50% Maraging Steel, 50% Eglin Steel Heese Naval Armour Composite Type B (HNAC Type : 50% Maraging Steel, 45% Eglin Steel, 5% Austenitic Stainless Steel Heese Naval Armour Composite Type C (HNAC Type C): 45% Maraging Steel, 40% Eglin Steel, 15% Tungsten Reinforcements Triple-bottomed reinforced HNAC Type B keel with void spaces over a HNAC Type C frame; Rubber installed in void spaces, HNAC Type C crossbeams installed across bulkheads to provide protection against kinetic attacks. 203mm @Side Armor[All belts] 50mm @Deck 203mm @Armored Conning Tower 203mm @Armored Magazines/Engine Room/Command Rooms 203mm @Bulkheads Armaments 7x 70 cell VLS - 490 tubes - 200 ST-1 Anti-Ship Missiles [+400] - 580 ARN-Naval Surface to Air Missile [+1160] 6x 20 cell deck ARN-Naval Surface to Air Missile 8x Conhort CWIS 6x Maniple ASHuM 6x 75mm Dual Purpose Cannons 1x Hedgehog Anti-Submarine Warfare System 1x 4-cell Torpedo System 2x 50 Caliber Machineguns Sensors 1x AN-SPS-106E Long Range Search Radar [1000km detection] [25/30km tracking range] 2× AN/SPN-146 air traffic control radars 1x AN/SPN-143 air traffic control radar 1x AN/SPN-144 landing aid radars 1x AN/SPS-95 SSR Navigational radar 1x AN/SQS-56 Hull Mounted Sonar 1x AN/SQQ-89 ASW Combat System 4x AN/SSY-205E Infrared Search and Tracking/Short Range Targeting Radar Electronics Warfare Suite: 'StrikeNet Military Uplink Unit AN/SLY-2 (V) Advanced Integrated Electronic Warfare System (AIEWS) AN/SLQ-32(V)5 ESM AN/SSQ-82(V)2 Multiple Unit for Transmission Elimination Decoys: AN/SLQ-49 AN/SLQ-25 Nixie MK-53 Nulka DLS Countermeasures: Towed array sonar utilizing a hull transducer or a towed active transducer or both. It is an integrated ASW, Mine Avoidance and Torpedo Defense underwater system AN/SLQ-48 - Mine Neutralization Vehicle AN/WLD-1 RMS Remote Minehunting System Next Generation Countermeasure (NGCM) AN/SRS-1A(V) Combat Direction Finding Naval Weapons: St-1 Anti Shipping Missile Dimensions Length: 11.7m Maximum Diameter: 1.4m Wingspan: 1.7m Total Mass: 5,122.8kg Payload Mass: 512.28kg Propulsion Information Method: Air-turborocket Mean Velocity: Mach 2.3 Terminal Velocity: Mach 5.4 Range: 334nm S-turns: ~4,6,8,10Gs (selectable) Jinking: 5.5Gs Altitude, Terminal Phase: 5 - 15m Loitering: Variable thrust allows for re-engagement if loss of target Electronics Guidance: ARQ-15 Tracking Beacon; ARQ-17 Active-Passive Tracking Radar; terminal stage LRQ-32 LASAR Autonomy: 'True' Fire-and-forget The ST-1 operates at ~1-2 Mach during ascension and then increases to up to Mach 5.4 during the terminal/engagement phase. The terminal phase does not necessarily imply a sea-skimming operation. The ST-1 can be programed to commit itself to 'shaking' maneuvers to avoid tracking and enemy counter-munitions, and it can also be programmed to 'pop-up'. It's loitering capabilities allow it to level out if it loses target and re-engage and sea-skimming level. It's loitering capabilities also mean that the source does not need to have to know exactly what ship it's engaging and where, as long as the missile is fired at the general vicinity of a fleet area. The anti-shipping warhead used is a a dense and heavy dU penetrating 'cap' of considerable depth, with a subsequent high explosive in a shaped compartment to increase depth of penetration and to cause much damage to an engaged ship. The penetrating cap has a 'buffer cap' composed of copper and separated from the 'main penetrator' by a lining of rubber. This is to avoid a 'decapping' of the penetrator if the penetrator hits a spaced plate. St-2 Anti-Shipping Missile Dimensions Length: 9m Diameter: 110cm Wingspan: 1.2m Weight: 2200kg Range, speed & armament Range: 390km Speed: Mach 6.5 (terminal velocity) Mach 3.3 - Cruise speed Warhead: Main explosive body - 500kg OctaNitroCubane; 10 20kg thermite MIRVS embedded into the main explosive core Once the missile reaches the highest point in flight, gravity combined with the hydrogen injection gives the missile a terminal velocity of mach 6.5. Because of this extreme velocity, and the fact the missile spirals down in a controlled fashion, hitting this proves to be extremely difficult. In the last 3 seconds before impact the spiralling stops and the last reseve of ethanol is injected into the engine along with the last bits of hydrogen to give the missile an even greater penetration effect. If the missile is fired in the most ideal circumstances a penetration angle of 88.6° can be achieved. Under normal circumstances an angle of 86° or even 85° is good enough to cause major damage. This means it goes virtually straight down, punching through the layers of armour. The solid tip of the missile is made of solid tungsten molten under the highest temperature, minimizing the amount of structural faults in the tip. Normally all the explosive energy is spread in all directions, but in this missile all the energy is focussed on one point: behind the missile. Because the missile penetrates the hull, the explosive energy has only a few ways to go, the way of the least resistance is behind the missile; the path of entry. Once the main explosive core detonates, 10 smaller clusters are also blasted away, causing even more havoc. Guidance & features Guidance: Inertial with GPS and optionally TERCOMP, CELLDAR, limited command post RADAR steering. The variant also has an attached minimized Gaussian LIDAR transmitter for infra-red LIDAR operations. Propulsion: Lancaster & Blair RAMjet fuel and hydrogen injection propulsion. A special alcohol/ethanol reserve is stored in front of the engine, to give the engine one final boost before penetrating the ship's armour. LV-21 Torpedo Role: Long Range Heavyweight Torpedo Length: 7m Diameter: 660mm Weight: 3000kg Guidance/Target Aquisition: PEC-9 Active/Passive Sonar WAKO Wake-Homing System Propulsion: Sundstrand gas-turbine with Pump-jet Depth: < 850m Speed: 20 knots slow; 80 knots fast Range: 27km @ 80 knots, 70km @ 20 knots Warhead: 300kg LV-23 Broadsword 1000mm Ultra-Heavy Torpedo Capable of either conventional or nuclear armament, the Broadsword has been designed to serve as a devastating opponent to any enemy's large warships. To pack the enormous destructive power into a single torpedo, the standard Broadsword torpedo measures a full 14.5 metres in length, or 47.6 feet. The Broadsword measures a full 20,000 kg, just over 22 tonnes with a warhead weight of 3,000 kg. It can be used for a fast attack against a large enemy warship with a range of 35 km at 75 knots or at longer range, 100 km at 40 knots. Used in conjunction with the deep draft submarine employing a towed sonar array and an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) sending false sonar readouts to enemy submarines, and you have a potentially lethal combination to any size of warship. Guidance and Propulsion To ensure that the Broadsword is not simply an oversized mine and easy pickings for an enemy battlegroup, the torpedo uses a turbine-powered pumpjet propulsion system. As mentioned earlier, the Broadsword can be cold-launched from extreme depths by a submarine or it can be horizontally launched from very large warships. The Broadsword employs an active/passive sonar guidance system for terminal guidance and is initially guided toward its acquired target by the towed sonar array in the submarine. Specifications Length: 14.5 metres (horizontal launch variant); 13 metres (vertical launch variant) Diametre: 1,000 mm (one metre) Range/Speed: 35 km at 75 knots; 100 km at 40 knots Propulsion: Turbine-powered pumpjet Guidance: Inertial with wire guidance (from launching submarine employing towed sonar array); active/passive sonar at terminal range Weight: 20,000 kg overall; 3,000 kg warhead Name: Borealis Heavy Anti-Shipping Missile Platform: Viking-class SSGN Targets: Maritime: Surface, Land: Hardened Range: 230 km Weight (oa): 24,500 kg Weight (penetrator): 15,000 kg Length: 10 m Penetrator Diameter: 1000 mm Booster Diameter: 1100 mm Wingspan: 1300 mm Optimum Launch Angle: Vertical +/- 15* Guidance: ATAPS and Inertial Guidance with Course-correction during first stage only. Countermeasures: 4x 4 round stacked 71x180mm EO/IR and Improved Chaff/ECM decoys Propulsion: Two-stage solid propellant Initial Velocity: 2300 m/s Penetration Velocity: 3200 m/s Warhead: 800 kg High Explosive EED Warhead or 350 kiloton nuclear When a contract for a super large Anti-Shipping Missile were released by Luftwerks as part of a wider bid for the Epion and Flight III Archon project, Kiel Aerospace seized the chance to recoup lost development costs from the Initial Epion bid by converting the prototype rounds. Adding a redesigned rocket stage to the existing test stock of 100cm RAPs (Rocket Assisted Projectiles) they added four tubes of stacked countermeasure grenades to help protect the round from any attempted counter to the one meter diameter the incoming round on its terminal flight. They also added a set of sturdy and fixed fins to stabilize the now non spin stabilized projectile to increase its overall accuracy. The designers then repurposed the rocket motor on the round, instead of using it to propel the round forward they would take advantage of the near vertical impact vector available and assist gravity by burning the rocket during the rounds terminal phase of flight. At 15000kg carrying 800kg of Fox-7 insensitive explosive in a stacked Explosive Energetic Deflection style warhead moving at 3.2 km/s the new warhead was to be rightly feared by any vessel of any navy the world over… Stealing the main booster from a TSSM-3 land based Ballistic Missile they removed the second stage and fitted a linking section between the two motors. The larger diameter tube fitting over the main penetrator and protecting its terminal rocket engine from the hazards of high velocity flight. Between the two stages they fitted one of the most advanced Integrated guidance system available at the time. Using a triple set of ATAPS (Advanced Tactical Positioning System) receivers the system is capable of keeping itself on course with only one of three systems active, and with extreme accuracy available under ideal situations. Coupled with the ATAPS system is fifth generation inertial guidance system using a laser-ring gyroscope and a multitude of both back up and somewhat fragile very accurate accelerometers and whatnot. These all are fed to the rear control fins of the booster allowing the now ten meters long missile to stick firmly to its shallow ballistic course. The major difference between the Broadside Missile was not that it was a converted Naval round, but that on its terminal phase it is completely unguided. This makes its jamming impossible and immunizes it against any sort of extreme ECM/ECCM cluttered environment. The missile is launched out of a tube like a conventional ballistic missile, though the Borealis never pierces the upper atmosphere it gains height merely to increase its range. When it reaches the Apex of its flight the two stages separate and the first stage then arcs towards the target area upon confirmation of the correct path the round ignites its rocket and speeds towards its target at amazing speeds. Though this does somewhat decrease its overall accuracy, for the size of targets the missile was designed for the missile was still found to be lethally effective at maximum range. Unlike the some missiles, the Borealis is immune to the seemingly widely available THEL system, the hardened steel skin being far to thick to be effected significantly during its flight time, the resulting KE being more or less of equal value after penetration. Also unlike tis comeptitor the Borealis is not limited to a near vertical impact, any strike will bare fruit even if as low as 30 degrees to 85 degrees (with of course ideal being at 90 degrees) LV-26 Lightweight Torpedo This lightweight torpedo is able to be deployed in littoral warfare and in deep water operations, by frigates or corvettes, ASW helicopters, and fixed wing aircraft intended to provide ASW support. Calibre: 11.75" 3/4 Length: 2950 mm Weight: 300 kg Minimum launching depth: 25 m Maximum depth: > 950 m Speed: variable between 25 -> 50 knots Autonomy: 10000 m LV-27 Vertically-launched Anti-Submarine Intercept Missile Length: 6300 mm Diameter: 500 mm Wingspan: 1000 mm (folding) Weight: 1750 kg Propulsion: SE370 Solid Rocket Motor Maximum Velocity: 300 m/s Steering: Jet Vane Control Guidance: GPS + STAINS (Standard Tactical Inertial Navigation System) Range: 75 km Humboldt type Lightweight ASW Torpedo- Diameter: 330 mm Length: 3000 mm Weight: 330 kg Maximum Operating Depth: 600 meters Propulsion: Electrical, High RPM Brushless motor Ranges: - 13,000 meters @ 45 knots (maximum) - 30,000 meters @ 25 knots (minimum) Warhead: 33 kg PBX Hollow charge w/ blast director Guidance: Acoustic Homing + Datalink - Scanning window: 100x100 degrees - Trackable targets: > 10 - Bandwidth: 8-13 kHz Cost (complete): 1,300,000.00 NSD The Lv-27 is vertically or air launched and controlled and steered using a Jet vane control out a maximum range of 75 km allowing to support smaller vessels within a fleets picket as well as ASW helicopters beyond the range of traditional ASROC or Ikara systems. Flight profile is high subsonic climbing to an altitude of 100 meters till it reaches the designated target area at which point explosive bolts separate the warhead bus from the body of the missile exposing the torpedo, the torpedo is then separated from the missile by explosive bolts and it begins to drift towards the water by means of its own parachute. Once in the water the Homboldt LWT begins its search and track operations. The Humboldt torpedoes' high speed, and long range allows it to doggedly track, engage and kill even the fastest and quietest of subs. The warhead of the Humboldt is a 33 kilogram hollow charge warhead comprised of PBX and assisted with the help of a steel blast director producing nearly the structure shattering effects of even the largest of torpedoes. The Humboldts high accuracy and efficiency allow it to turn into the target increasing the effective surface area of the target increasing the overpressure effect and subsequently the damage. Utilizing its full means the VASIM-B system is unmatched in its capability to remotely sanitize areas of enemy submersible operations well beyond an individual ships engagement envelope, but safe and intelligent enough to be used on the modern battlefield. MH-3 Naval Support Helicopter Cost: $6.82 million Crew: 4 (Pilot, Co-Pilot, 2 Crew Chiefs) Capacity: 1,220.21kg cargo internally (including 15 troops or 6 litters) or 4,090kg cargo externally Length: 19.62m Rotor diameter: 16.25m Height: 5.14m Empty weight: 4,920kg Maximum gross takeoff weight: 11,242kg Powerplant: 2 x Feldsworth Automotive Air Division H700-FA-9770 gas turbines, rated at 1,880hp each Performance Maximum speed: 172kt (318.5kph) Cruising speed: 160kt (296.3kph) Combat Radius: 590km Ferry Range: 2,140km Service ceiling: 5,740m Rate of climb: 4.1m/s Armament 2 x Forward modular pintle mounts Central 2.2Ghz Aura parallel computing core with LT4 Kentford Software UEBCS IV with C300P UC2N network support (switched out for foreign equivalents in export) K25 FLIR Mk. III, 3rd Generation K7 Advanced Imaging Suite MF2A LADAR Detection Suite S2 Surveillance/Landing-assist camera PAQ/A01D Advanced Helmet-Mounted Cuing System F2A Millimeter-Band Search and Tracking RADAR NG5 Countermeasure Dispenser NG7 Missile Warning System NG20 Radio Frequency Countermeasure Suite NG34 Advanced Threat Infrared Countermeasures NG35 Sonobuoys and/or dipping sonars Golan-class Mobile Offshore Base Each module consists of a box-type deck supported by multiple columns on two parallel pontoons. When transiting between operational sites, the module is de-ballasted and travels with the pontoons on the surface much like a catamaran. When on site, the module is ballasted down so that the pontoons are submerged below the surface wave zone, thereby minimizing the wave-induced dynamic motions. The decks, which store rolling stock and dry cargo, are all located above the wave crests. The columns provide structural support and hydrostatic stability against overturning. The bases modularity supports the widest possible range of air support, ranging from vertical/short takeoff and landing (VSTOL) aircraft using a single module to conventional takeoff and landing (CTOL) aircraft using several serially aligned modules approaching 6,000 feet in length. In addition, a MOB accepts ship-borne cargo, provides nominally 3 million square feet for equipment storage and maintenance, stores 10 million gallons of fuel, houses up to 3,000 troops (an Army heavy brigade), and discharges resources to the shore via a variety of landing craft. ARN-Naval Surface to Air Missile: Type: Single Stage Dynamic Surface-to-Air Missile/Surface-to-Air Anti-Missile Length: (total) 1.8 m (missile) 1.5 m Diameter: (launcher) 105mm (missile) 100mm Weight: (total) 20 Kg (missile) 15 Kg Thrust: 1,688kg's at Sea Level Max Speed: > Mach 3.89 Max Speed for Max range: < Mach 3.5 Guidance: Directable 94 kHz Millimetiric wave Radar Warhead: Directed APEX Fletchette (containing 2.5 hg ONC) Fusing: Smart; Impact/Proximity Max maneuvering: 10 g Max Range: 15,000 m Min Range: 100 m Max effective slant range: 6,000 m Min effective slant range: 100 m Max Ceiling: 10,000 m SL-N-12 Submarine Launched Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile Type: Long Range Anti Ship Ballistic Missile [ASBM] Length: 10.5m Diameter: 1.1m Launch Mass: 11500kg Combat Range: 4600km Maximum Flight Altitude: 135km Peak Velocity: Mach 7? RV: Mark XXXII Maneuvrable Reentry Vehicle, 925kg launch mass Normal Warhead: 400kg High Explosive Fragmentation or 4 MIRVs Accuracy: 10m with Radar Guidance system active, 20m without Propulsion: -----------Solid Fueled Gas Generator integrated into launch tube -----------Three Stage LOX-Metalised Fuel Hybrid Rocket, 395s ISP Maneuvring:- ----------- Thrust vectoring during boost phase of flight ----------- Maneuvre flaps and airbrakes on RV during terminal phase Guidance Systems: -----------9GHz Pi-band PESA Radar Assembly -----------Upsilon-band 28GHz Duplex Datalink -----------Strapdown INS system -----------Multi-standard Global Positioning System Edited April 17, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted November 8, 2013 Author Report Share Posted November 8, 2013 (edited) Detailed Look | Coastal Defense Force The Coastal Defense Forces is tasked with protecting the coasts of the Dominion from attack or invasion from the sea. To defend an extensive coastline, the Empire has deployed a sizable and diverse force. Coastal Rocket and Artillery Troops, consisting of a single division, operated coastal artillery, Anti-Ship Ballistic Missiles and naval surface-to-surface missile launchers along the coast. Along the Coastline, a SOund SUrveillance System is operated to keep an eye out for enemy submarines. Coastal areas also have their own OTH-B RADAR suites, which cover a 64 degree wedge-shaped area at ranges between 500 to 1,600 nautical miles (925 to 3,000 km). This keeps track of all ship movements off the coastline. This information is always monitored by underground command facilities. In addition, Railguns in specially developed hardened silos, are operated along the coast as well. These rail guns have a power rating of over 10.64 MJ. It's performance is over 5.8 km/s muzzle velocity, accurate enough to hit a target from 200 nautical miles (370 km) away while shooting five shots per minute. The coastal defense force also operates retractable underground silos for Anti-Shipping Missiles and surface launched torpedoes. Naval mines are also deployed. Technology: Artemis Naval Denial Minefield System, New Shunde Arsenal, Model 0 General Information, components and Operation A full NDMSM0 system consist of the following component, and cover a radius of approx 16 - 20 km2 from enemy naval activity. 1 x Central Guidance Unit (Underwater) - NMCGU/UM0 : Used for detection of enemy submarine and to supplement surface detection measure against enemy surface ship. 1 x Central Guidance Unit (Surface) - NMCGU/SM0 : Used for detection of enemy surface vessel and aircrafts. 10 x Torpedo Launcher (Underwater) - NMTL/UM0 : For storage and launching of Supercaviating Torpedoes against enemy vessel, linked to Central Guidance Unit (Underwater). 50 x Aerial Mine Sweeping Denial Unit - NMAAM/SM0: For usage against enemy helicopter and aircrafts attempting to detect for submarines or sweeping the mine with towed array. 250 x Naval Mine Sweeping Denial Unit - NMASM/SM0: For usage against small craft and enemy naval units attempting to minesweep the area. 5 x Energy Supply Unit - NMESU/SM0 : For providing electricity to surface and underwater mine system. The minefield is connected in the following way: The Central Guidance Unit (Underwater) is connected to the Torpedo Launcher (Underwater) via underwater cable. The Central Guidance Unit (Underwater) is connected to the The Central Guidance Unit (Surface). All the surface mines is moored and uses wire-data link to communicate with the other mines on the surface. All surface mines are moored independently. The minefield can be deployed up to a maximum depth of 300m. In order to activate the minefield, they must be set to deactivated mode before deployment, and activated via pre-coded encrypted pseudorandom radio or satellite signal sent to the position of the mine. Disposition The Disposition of the Central Guidance Unit (Underwater) - NMCGU/UM0 Specification: Weight: 300kg Sensor: Acoustic & Magnetic & Active Sonar Battery Life: 730 days Procurement Cost: 1.5 million Range: 15 km The Central Guidance Unit (Underwater) consist of an Acoustic sensor, tuned to the acoustic signal of the enemy ship (For example, noise of propellors and nuclear reactor). A magnetometer is installed on the central guidance unit, which is used to detect the magnetic anomaly caused by enemy submarine and ship. An active sonar (Only activated in wartime) is also used to supplement the other sensors in detecting enemy ship. The sensor is programmed to distinguish fake signal intended to detonate the mine prematurely from genuine signals. To contact with the surface element, the underwater element have five buoys. One is permanently moored to 3 meter below sea surface, and is a VLF antenna used to transmit activation and deactivation data. The other four is radio & satellite buoy, and is raised to the surface after VLF receive encrypted signal to raise the buoy. Central Guidance Unit (Surface) - NMCGU/SM0 Specification: Weight: 500kg Sensor: Acoustic & IR & Radar Receiver Battery Life: 730 days Procurement Cost: 2 million Range: 15 km The Central Guidance Unit (Surface) consist of an acoustic sensor, IR sensor (Tailored against aircafts and ships), and a radar receiver used to receive the signal given by enemy sea-search radar. Like its underwater counterpart, it is also programmed to distinguish fake signals from genuine signals. Its moored 10 meter below the surface. To contact with the element, the underwater element have five buoys. One is permanently moored to 3 meter below sea surface, and is a VLF antenna used to transmit activation and deactivation data. The other four is radio & satellite buoy, and is raised to the surface after VLF receive encrypted signal to raise the buoy. Torpedo Launcher (Underwater) - NMTL/UM0 Specification: Weight: 12 tonnes Armament: 3 x NMNDM0 supercaviating torpedoes Battery Life: 730 days Procurement Cost: 2 million (W/ Torpedo) Range: 15 km Basically a tube containing three supercaviating torpedoes, it contain three NMNDM0 Supercaviating torpedo, and it is connected to the Underwater Guidance Unit for target information. NMNDM0 Supercaviating Torpedo Specification: Weight: 3.5 tonnes Length: 10m Diameter: 533mm Warhead: 500kg FOX-7 Conventional Charge Fuze: Wire Guidance Range: 15 km Launch Speed: 93 km/h Maximum Speed: 400 km/h Procurement Cost: $500,000 A supercaviating torpedo based on the shvkal. It has a gas ejector located in the front of the torpedo, which eject gas to provide a gas bubble around the torpedo to reduces drag. It uses a solid-propellant rocket engine in the rear,which uses a 80/18/2 Ammonium Pechlorate / Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene / Aluminium mixture. A 500 kg FOX-7 Conventional Charge is used as the warhead of the torpedo. Shaped charge was deemed unnecessary, as the water jet produced by an underwater explosion is more than sufficient to cause severe message. FOX-7 was selected due to its high power and stability. For detonating the torpedo, the torpedo uses a wire-guidance system to guide the torpedo to its target and detonate it. This is intended to lower the cost of the torpedo. Aerial Mine Sweeping Denial Unit - NMAAM/SM0 Weight: 300kg Length: 7m Diameter: 205mm Warhead: 250kg Rocket with 120kg HE load Fuze: Proximity - Fuze + IR Sensor Sensor: IR + Acoustic Range: 3.6 km Guidance: Wire Battery Life: 730 days Detection Range: 5 km Procurement Cost: $ 100,000 A mine intended for defense against aerial minesweeping measure. It consist of an independent detection system activated sound produced by aircraft engine & rotor from enemy ship acoustic signal from 1 km away, and turn the mine in its direction once it've got close. The IR sensor is then activated, and once the enemy aircraft get into range, the mine then propell a rocket toward the enemy aircraft. The rocket is detonated by a Proximity fuze mounted on the nose, supplemented by an IR sensor to detect enemy heat signal. A HE load consisting of 120 kg of FOX-7 is used in the rocket. The mine is moored 2 meter below the sea surface. The rocket is guided by wire. Naval Mine Sweeping Denial Unit - NMASM/SM0 Weight: 600kg Warhead: 400kg Conventional HE Fuze: Magnetic & Acoustic & Pressure & Electro - Optical Battery Life: 730 days Procurement Cost: $ 300,000 For usage against minesweepers loaded with wood and small crafts deemed to be uneconomical to engage with the torpedoes (Although, with the cost of modern ships and their crew, only really small crafts are likely to be uneconomical to engage with torpedoesw). The mines uses a magnetic anomaly detector, passive acoustic signal detector, a pressure detector used to detect water displacement caused by enemy ship, and finally, an electro-optical detector used to detect the shadow of enemy ships. It contain a 400kg FOX-7 HE charge. The mines are moored so that it will be 6 meter below the sea surface to deter enemy attempt to detonate the mine via blast and enhance the effect of a blast. Energy Supply Unit - NMESU/SM0 Weight: 500kg Type: Silver-Oxide Battery Procurement Cost: $ 50,000 A battery moored 6 meter below the sea surface, each battery provides enough power to keep the sensor running at activated state for 3 years, and deactivated state for 10 years. Anti-Dolphin System In order to deter the enemy from using dolphins to clean out the mine, the mine system have a specifically built-in system. Each of the unit emerges a noise at 32000 Hertz at a regular interval (Every 5 seconds) independently, and is set to ignore the noise when it is emerging the noise. This is used to annoy and scare away dolphins, disrupting enemy mine-cleaning operation. Anti-Handling Measure To deter handling by enemy divers or submersible, the mines is installed with anti-handling measure. The mine is booby trapped, to prevent the enemy from attempting to remove the mine sensors. This is done by having the computer onboard the mine detect for attempt to remove the sensor, charge, or fuze. If an enemy attempt to do so, the mine will detonate itself, destroying the adversary with itself. Besides a booby trap system, the mine is all moored independently, with thick, reinforced steel cables used to connect it to the anchor on the sea floor. This is done so that enemy attempt to cut the cables through explosive and/or wire cutter will be much harder, allowing time for the torpedo or aerial denial mine to react to enemy minesweeping action. Remote Control, Command & Warning System The Central Guidance Units are installed with a pseudorandom encryption code set (Which is preserved by the deployer) before being deployed. This is used to send VLF signal to the minefield, used to deactivate, activate, self-destruct, and to command them to raise the radio / satellite buoys. The system can be "Pinged" to raise its buoys, and send reports of enemy activity. In addition to that, it can send an after action report after engaging enemy shipping or warships by using its radio buoys. System Cost Each system cost a total of 30.5 million NSD to purchase. V-3B Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile Sensor Technology for the V-3B Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile Attacking a moving target, especially a moving naval target would pose a significant challenge for any missile system. For the V-3B Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile to succeed, the system would need constant updated intelligence from a number of sensor systems, both land and cosmic based. For the ground detection part of the system, Scientist decided to go with over the horizon (OTH) radar systems. OTH radar systems are primarily employed for early warning purposes, capable of viewing targets beyond the point where the majority of modern radar systems are constrained by the radar horizon. Scientist had a choice between sky wave and surface wave radar systems. Sky wave radar systems are often more commonly referred to as OTH-B (backscatter) systems The primary drawback of an OTH-B radar is the presence of a large "blind zone", an area where the radar has no viewing capability. This is derived from the fact that the radars function by reflecting radar waves, usually in the 5 to 28 MHz frequency range, off of the Earths ionosphere. These reflected radar waves then reflect off of airborne or surface targets and travel back to the receiver. When the German saw these issues with the "backscatter" systems, they went with the surface wave radar system. OTH-SW eliminates the "blind zone" found in OTH-B systems. OTH-SW systems diffract radar waves around the Earth along the surface of the ocean, allowing them to travel beyond the traditional radar horizon. OTH-SW uses advanced Doppler processing techniques to filter out surface clutter and allow for accurate target detection. Beyond that, the Ballistic Missile would also need an array of space sensor technology. This technology would come in the form is newly developed satellites, which will have EO (Earth Obersvation), CCD Imaging (charge-coupled device), and SAR (Synthetic aperture radar). Bringing this altogether will be radar altimeter, to measure the ocean topography, a comm relay network for datalinking the radar information from the other assets (awacs or the like, 400km from the target) and GPS downlinking will work alongside other units to maximize accuracy in hitting ships on the open seas. On the otherhand, the Empire could launch many short duration, micro-Earth Observation satellites in times of conflict. Another system that will be used will be UAVs. While not needed, they will help by painting a more accurate picture, by doing advanced scouting in front of the war zone. Essentially, the OTH radar will give the base initial idea of incoming fleet. This information would be combined with data of the recon satellites to provide a more precise and more accurate targeting data. In the cruising process, the missile would have to continuously communicate with the base through those new Data relay satellites to improve the precision. Missile Specifications Name: V-3B Anti-Ship Ballistic MissileWeight: 14,700 kilograms (32,000 lb)Length: 10.7 metres (35 ft)Diameter: 1.4 metres (4.6 ft)Warhead: One Warhead (Conventional or 500KT Nuclear Warhead) or three maneuverable reentry vehicle (Which are capable of switching direction in flight) Operational Range: 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi)Speed: Mach 10Missile guidance system: Initial guidance for the missile is inertial, to plot reentry over the spot where the target should be. Terminal guidance will be imaging radar, autonomous laser targeting, and onboard passive ELINT targetting sensor. The advent of advanced image processing technologies, image recognition couple with autonomous laser targeting introduces greater accuracy.Space Guidance Systems: Satellites with EO (Earth Obersvation), CCD Imaging (charge-coupled device), and SAR (Synthetic aperture radar). Bringing this altogether will be radar altimeter, to measure the ocean topography, a comm relay network for datalinking the radar information from the other assets (awacs or the like, 400km from the target) and GPS downlinkingGround Based Guidance Systems: Over-The-Horizon Surface Wave (OTH-SW) radar, with a range of 400kmLaunch platform: Mobile launcher or silo Edited April 14, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted November 8, 2013 Author Report Share Posted November 8, 2013 (edited) Detailed Look | Strategic Rocket Forces and Nuclear Forces The Strategic Rocket Forces is the main force used for attacking an enemy's offensive nuclear weapons, its military facilities, and its industrial infrastructure. They operate all ground-based intercontinental, intermediate-range, and medium-range nuclear missiles with ranges over 1,000 kilometers. The Strategic Rocket Forces also conducts all space vehicle and missile launches. the Strategic Rocket Forces has over 1,400 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), 300 launch control centers, and twenty-eight missile bases. Strategic Rocket Forces support also involves launching satellites and other high-value payloads into space using a variety of expendable launch vehicles and operating those satellites once in the medium of space. Space control ensures friendly use of space through the conduct of counterspace operations encompassing surveillance, negation, and protection. Force enhancement provides weather, communications, intelligence, missile warning, and navigation. The Strategic Rocket Forces also operates and supports the nation'a Global Positioning System, Defense Satellite Communications Systems Phase II and III, Defense Meteorological Support Program, Defense Support Program, DKF III and IV communications and Fleet Satellite Communications System UHF follow-on and IMPSTAR satellites. Ground-based radars used primarily for ballistic missile warning include the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System, Tactical ICBM Detection System. The S.H.I.E.L.D Optical Tracking Identification Facility, Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance System, Passive Space Surveillance System, phased-array and mechanical radars, which provide primary space surveillance coverage. Nuclear Doctrine The Doctrine for Special Tactical Weapons Operations cites 8 reasons under which field commanders can ask for permission to use Special Tactical Weapons An enemy using or threatening to use WMD against multinational, or alliance forces or civilian populations. To prevent an imminent biological attack. To attack enemy WMD or its deep hardened bunkers containing WMD that could be used to target the Empire or its allies. To stop potentially overwhelming conventional enemy forces. To rapidly end a war on favorable terms. To make sure the Empire and international operations are successful. To show national intent and capability to use nuclear weapons to deter enemy from using WMDs. To react to enemy-supplied WMD use by proxies against the Empire and international forces or civilians. Specifications for the Empire's Strategic Weapons: V-2012 Intercontinential Ballistic Missile Type: Silo/Train/Road - Cold-Launched Ballistic Missile Primary Function: Strategic First Strike; Deterrent Manufacturer/Contractor: Los Canas Weapons Industries, Exo-Atmospheric Division Length: 24.75m Diameter: 3.5m Launch Weight: 125,800kg (277,000 lb) Maximum Payload: 5,200kg; 6,500kg Range: Unlimited for Intended Purposes[Orbital Trajectory]; 18,000km [Sub-Orbital] Maximum Speed: 32,000km/h [Mach 26.8] Propulsion: Four Stage Solid Fuel Rocket Guidance System: Inertial with Stellar Sensor Update; Terrain Matching Radar for MaIRVs CEP: 30m Penetration Aids: Six Decoys[More Depending on Loadout]; Contains Radaring Jamming, Chaff, Flares, and 6 Hypersonic ABM Interceptors Warhead Variants[LEO Trajectory[1]]: [A] 10x 'Blue Star' W89 500kT 'Clean' Thermonuclear MaIRVs [C] 6x 'Blue Star' W89-ER 500kT 'Enhanced Radiation' Thermonuclear MaIRVs [D] 8x 'Blue Rod' SIM-666 Anti-Satellite Kinetic Kill Vehicle [E] 9x 'Blue Point' W87 150kT Thermonuclear MaIRVs Radiological Bombs The Weapon The weapon, being developed in Unyielding Justice, features 3 radioactive fragments that are created through uranium-235 fission. Most of these fragments are highly unstable and radioactive including ceasium 137, radioiodine, and strontium-90. Most of these fragments will be obtained from the following: Uranium-235 will be obtained from two Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Plants. The total will be 200 metric tons, with more planned depending on weapon development output. Radioiodine will be obtained from nuclear testing facilities Strontium-90 These three deadly radioactive materials will be combined to produce a deadly a most potent and deadly permutation. In the end, this weapon will become one of the most deadly weapons in the world in liquid or chemical form Method for Mixing In order to maintain the potency of the weapon, Stahl Arms scientist has developed an underwater mixing method. Contact with oxygen can dilute the bsq/m2 levels levels of the agents. Water acts as a conductor and lubricant that allows the materials to maintain the highest level of radioactive effectiveness. The process of mixing and depositing the materials underwater takes 3 - 4 hours. Weapon Effects While most nuclear fragments are absorbed through the air, the combined materials in this weapon will allow for the fragments to be absorbed through the air and skin. Dosage of radiation between 1000 rem and 5000 rem can result in acute radiation poisoning and is fatal 90% of the time after two weeks. The weapon, itself, contains 9000 rem. 10 hours after exposure to such a weapon, the victim will begin to experience the walking ghost phase. While the irradiation has resulted in bone marrow destruction and death of many rapidly multiplying cells, the surface effects do not become apparent until later. For example, irradiation kills the rapidly dividing cells of the gastrointestinal tract; however, diarrhea is not apparent until the cells begin to slough off, coming out in bloody excrement. Loss of this protective lining exposes the body to bacteria within the gut causing sepsis. Also, this causes an inability to absorb nutrition from food. This is the same with the rapidly proliferating cells of the immune system. Irradiation essentially halts white blood cell production by destroying bone marrow, however the remaining white blood cells within the body are still temporarily working, until they are "used up". Anemia develops more slowly, because preexisting red blood cells have a longer life span than white blood cells and platelets. The effects on the environment will be severe as well. All lakes in the area will be contaminated; while, the air will be considered too hazardous to breath. Essentially, areas within a 200 mile radius of the bomb impact zone will be rendered completely uninhabitable for years to come. In addition, because of the contaminated soil being whipped into the air constantly, there is a severe risk for Chromosomal Abnormality, Leukemia, and Anemia. Nuclear Stockpile 1,300 V-2012 Intercontinential Ballistic Missile 1,500 75KT Nuclear Artillery Shells 500x 350KT Aurora Hypersonic Cruise Missile 400x 150KT LV-21 Torpedos Detailed Look | Imperial National Reserve The Empire's National Reserve is the national defense reserve of the Empire. The goal of the National Reserve is to provide a well-trained stream of forces to replace losses which might come from combat. Soldiers will retain a reserve obligation until age fifty. For officers, the reserve obligation will be extended to sixty-five. Reserves will be divided into two categories of three classes based on age and the amount of refresher training they are supposed to receive after mobilization. Reservist will be subject to periodic call-ups for active duty or training in the local garrison. Reserves, together with additional equipment mobilized in wartime, would replace any losses the Armed Forces would receive during wartime. Imperial Army Reserves: 1.950,000 Imperial Airforce Reserves: 429,638 Imperial Naval Reserves: 301,689 The Reich National Reserve will also manage the nation's military stockpile 1 Million - XE-101 Xenias Infantry Combat Uniforms 8,000 - Main Battle Tanks 4,000 - Armoured Personnel Carrier 9,000 - Self Propelled Howitzer 8,000 - Self-Propelled 254mm Mortar 25,000 - Advanced, Fire-and-Forget Anti-Tank Guided-Missile 30,000 - Man-portable Air Defence System For the Airforce 95 Squadrons - 40 Lu-65 Air Superiority Fighter Squadrons 30 Lu-67 Multi-Role Fighter Squadrons 10 GLI-133 Ank'ríat Heavy Bomber Squadrons 15 GLI-122 Blitz Bomber Squadrons 30,000 RIM-703 Long Range Ballistic Missile Interceptor 25,000 RIM-702 Ultra Long Range Surface to Air Missile 25,000 RIM-700 Medium Range Surface to Air Missile 12,000 RIM-701 Long Range Surface to Air Missile 9,000 AS-23 Long Range Cruise Missile 10,000 New Tactical Air-to-Surface Missile 9,000 VAir-Launched Air Defence Suppression Missile 10,000 ATAIM-8 Advanced Tactical Air Intercept Munition | Cross-platform Short-Range Air-to-Air Missile (XSRAAM) 15,000 ATAIM-9 Advanced Tactical Air Intercept Munition | Cross-platform Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (XMRAAM) -- For the Imperial Navy, the Imperial Reserve Fleet will be established. The Imperial Reserve Fleet will consist of ships that can be activated within 20 to 120 days to provide shipping for the Empire during national emergencies. The Imperial Reserve Fleet will consist of the following: 7x Fyre Islands Class Landing Ship [LSD] 10x 'Guided Missile Corvette [KG] 9x 'Guided Missile Battleship [BBGN] 9x Class Guided Missile Cruiser[CGN] 9x Guided Missile Frigate [FGN] 9x 'Guided Missile Destroyer [DGN] 24x Nuclear Attack Submarine 6x Fleet Carriers Edited January 24, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Malatose Posted November 8, 2013 Author Report Share Posted November 8, 2013 (edited) Military Intelligence | Imperial Intelligence Imperial Intelligence, sometimes abbreviated Imperial Intel, is the elite intelligence agency of the Continental Empire of Malatose. It is the rival to the larger Imperial Security Bureau. Shortly after the Declaration of the New Order, Lord Crueya Vandron initiated a massive overhaul of the governments intelligence apparatus (with the blessing and help of Director of Intelligence Ysanne Isard). The Senate Bureau of Intelligence, Data Consortium on Technology, Republican Security Organization, Special Acquisitions Branch of the Library of Malatose and Republic Intelligence were amalgamated into the new Imperial Intelligence and placed under the authority of Isard, who had previously only oversaw SBI. The authority of the Senate Intelligence Oversight Committee's authority to interfere in and oversee intelligence affairs was also removed. Imperial Intelligence exists in rivalry with the Imperial Security Bureau. It is a more secretive organisation which concentrates on incisive analysis and more subtle espionage methods. Although the Empire employs vastly more ISB personnel, the superior professionalism of Imperial Intelligence allows it to provide a more potent service. Imperial Intelligence is more formally an authority of the Imperial Government than the ISB, which was founded from the COMPNOR political party. However unlike the ISB, the command structure of Imperial Intelligence does not appear to involve formal military ranks. Operatives of Imperial Intelligence do not have special titles, and are addressed along the lines of "Agent". The mission of Imperial Intelligence is to support the Emperor, Imperial High Command, and all Imperial officials who make and execute Imperial policy by: Providing accurate, comprehensive, and timely foreign intelligence on all security topics. Conducting counterintelligence activities, special activities, and other functions related to foreign intelligence and state security, as directed by the Emperor. Providing advisory to all branches of the Empire on foreign intelligence matters. To accomplish its mission, Imperial Intelligence engages in research, development, and deployment of high-leverage technology for intelligence purposes. As a separate branch, Imperial Intelligence serves as an independent source of analysis on topics of concern and also works closely with the other organizations in the Imperial Security Council to ensure that the intelligence consumer - whether a Moff or battlefield Commander - receives the best intelligence possible. As changing realities have re-ordered the Imperial security agenda, Imperial Intelligence has met these new challenges by: Creating special, multi-disciplinary centers to address such high-priority issues such as nonproliferation, counter-terrorism, counterintelligence, organized crime and narcotics trafficking, environment, and arms control intelligence. Forging stronger partnerships between the several intelligence collection disciplines and all-source analysis. Taking an active part in Intelligence Community analytical efforts and producing all-source analysis on the full range of topics that affect Imperial security. Contributing to the effectiveness of the overall Intelligence Community by managing services of common concern in imagery analysis and open-source collection and participating in partnerships with other intelligence agencies in the areas of research and development and technical collection. Command System Unlike the Imperial Security Bureau, Imperial Intel personnel are not organized according to a military-style system of ranks. Rather, they are assigned on a case-by-case basis. They are formally addressed as "Agent (Name)", in lieu of a rank. The Director of Imperial Intelligence: The Director of Imperial Intelligence is the representative and chief of staff for the Ubiqtorate, and Bureau Chiefs within Imperial Intelligence. The Director is responsible for establishing and managing the Empire's methods and support systems for acquiring, sorting, and analysing information and threats to the Empire. Operations requiring the waging of unconventional warfare or the use of deniable assets will commonly come under the hand of the Director as well. While a civilian, the Director of Imperial Intelligence is afforded a great range of movement within military matters, advising as available. Ultimately, the Director is responsible for the administration and execution of all affairs within and undertaken by Imperial Intelligence, and reports only to the Emperor. Ysanne Isard's office is located in the Imperial Palace. The Deputy Director of Imperial Intelligence The Deputy Director of Imperial Intelligence is the Executive Officer Imperial Intelligence. The Deputy Director is responsible for managing personnel and resource allocations within the various Bureaus and Branches. The Deputy Director will also perform tasks as required by the Director of Imperial Intelligence, and will succeed the Director of Imperial Intelligence. Bureau Chiefs of Imperial Intelligence The Bureau Chief is the Chief of all personnel and management in their assigned Bureau. The Bureau Chief will supervise all Operations and Missions the Bureau is assigned, and the Bureau Chief will present all results to the Ubiqtorate. Ubiqtorate The Ubiqtorate oversees all of the activities of Imperial Intelligence at the highest levels. Details and tactical considerations are decided by the appropriate bureau or branch of Imperial Intelligence. The Ubiqtorate never concerns itself with those. The Ubiqtorate formulates strategies for the bureaus of Imperial Intelligence or, as has recently become common, presents the bureaus with a set of goals and very broad grand strategic considerations and asks them to plan an effective strategy. With the exception of Adjustments, members of the Ubiqtorate never have any communication with personnel at the sector level. They would certainly never deal with an individual field agent. Adjustments Adjustments is the most elite branch of Imperial Intelligence, with the exception for the Ubiqtorate, which directly controlls Adjustments. Adjustment agents are called in when the Ubiqtorate felt that a critical situation had slipped from the control of Imperial Intelligence, and that the situation was beyond the normal capabilities of the bureaus, yet was not completely hopeless in resolving. Agents of Adjustments would receive orders directly and in person from the Ubiqtorate. Ubiqtorate would inform Adjustments what the problem was, what resources were available to find a solution to the problem, and the Adjustments team would then solve the situation. No record of their orders was ever kept and no mission files existed within the Plexis for these agents. Internal Organization Bureau Called "IntOrg" by those within Imperial Intelligence, this bureau's mandate is to protect Imperial Intelligence's security from outside threats and those which might be generated from within. As IntOrg must deal with the rest of Imperial Intelligence, its agents have cultivated a highly civil manner and a strong sense of political etiquette, and then combined those with complete ruthlessness when the stakes are high and the threat is real. Internal Counterintelligence Branch (IntCon) looks for enemy agents or spy rings which may have been implanted in Imperial Intelligence by enemies or other forces inimical to the New Order. Through Sector Plexus, they have an extraordinary freedom to access any data they may consider useful, in many cases obtaining the information more readily than would a member of the Ubiqtorate. IntCon deals with all levels of Imperial Intelligence. Internal Security Branch (IntSec) is responsible for the physical security of the personnel,materiel and facilities of Imperial Intelligence. Bureau of Analysis (Analysis) This bureau handles gargantuan amounts of data from tens of millions of sources. In addition to looking for enemy activity, it looks for patterns or trends in social data, which might be useful to the agents over in Intelligence. Analysis also handles, examines and copies useful technologies, even developing a few of their own. The Media Bureau, of the Bureau of Analysis, pores over public scandocs, newsdocs, holos, comlinks, beamcasts, every form of media in the Empire, looking for patterns or hidden meanings which might betray a clue as to an enemy's plans and operations. Media can, with substantial assistance from Sector Plexus and the Imperial CompLink, give at least a cursory examination of all media in the Empire simultaneously. While they regularly concentrate on a significantly smaller portion of the Empire, they do cast their net wide often enough to make a professional judgment as to whether or not a new media source should be monitored on a more regular basis. While Media monitors the intended message, Signal examines the channel through which the information was transmitted. The Signal Bureau samples and checks carrierwave codes and CompLink protocols, scan rates on scandocs and imagepacks on holos to see if any information is being squeezed into the space between what a citizen would ordinarily sense. Signal examines line noise to see if it might contain a pattern rather than random error. Broadcasts and beamcasts are examined to see if the backup information sent with the primary information actually matches and, if not, how they differ. When Media or Signal finds evidence of coded communication, they give it to the Cryptanalysis. Cryptanalysis are tasked with decoding possible enemy communications. Tech Analysis has two jobs — to figure out how anenemy's hardware works, and to provide Imperial intelligence with hardware which is superior to that. Tech has a lavish budget and a number of highly skilled personnel whose moments of brilliant inspiration can translate into innovative technology. Bureau of Intelligence When Analysis finishes sorting, cleaning, decoding, or otherwise manipulating the data sent to them, they pass it on to Intelligence. Intelligence has culled experts from all over the Empire. They have recruited military experts, cultural experts, experts in politics, economics, science and technology, experts in almost every possible field of endeavor, intelligence has plucked experts from universities, corporations, provincial governments, artistic movements, religious movements, the media, the underworld - they have pulled in experts from nearly every conceivable place or organization, including some turncoats. Intelligence combines the vast knowledge of its agents with the most sophisticated computer models in the world to predict trends or future actions of the enemies of the New Order. These predictions are refined into reports transmitted to the Ubiqtorate. From these reports, the Ubiqtorate establishes priorities and sets strategies for the whole of Imperial Intelligence. An Imporant branch of the Bureau of Intelligence is Excomm. ExComm is a branch with its own communications equipment. While much smaller than Sector Plexus, ExComm is used for emergency communication with system cells, or for priority communications with the military forces of the Empire. ExComm is used for those rare times when the labyrinthine communication works of Sector Plexus are just not quick enough. Another important branch is Sedition. Sedition is a branch of the Bureau of Intelligence which specializes in knowledge and predictions on organized opposition to the Empire. Sedition has been growing rapidly in the past few years, keeping pace with the possible increased resentment to the Emperor's rule. Crisis is not a permanent branch of Intelligence. It is created as need arises, a Crisis branch for each active hot spot within the world. A Crisis branch is in constant contact with the Ubiqtorate, and ExComm facilities are at their disposal for direct contacts with Moffs, and even the Emperor if the situation is dire enough. The sector branches are the basic divisions of Intelligence. There is a sector branch for each sector in the Empire as well as each continent in the world, and each sector branch has scores or hundreds of experts within it. Sedition and Crisis draw from the sector branches as is appropriate for the situation currently under consideration. Bureau of Operations (Operations) Of all the bureaus in Imperial Intelligence, this is the one which is called the "Bureau"; no one in Imperial Intelligence for more than a few days would call it anything else. Operating in the strictest secrecy, the Bureau conducts all manners of clandestine and special operations and information gathering for Imperial Intelligence. An important department in the Operations Bureau is Serveillance. A point of pride with Surveillance is their small size, especially in comparison with the huge organization maintained by COMPNOR through the ISB. Imperial Intelligence has less the one agent in Surveillance for every 70 so dedicated in the ISB, yet Surveillance successfully keeps watch on more serious threats to the Empire than does the ISB. Intelligence gives Surveillance megascandocs of material on potential enemies of the New Order; the genius of Surveillance is the ability to sort through the information and unerringly select suspects who are currently involved in anti-Imperial activity. Surveillance agents are thoroughly briefed on everything which is known about the suspect. Often more than one agent is selected for an important case, and Surveillance actively solicits the help of any available system cells. The second deparment in the operations bureau is Infiltration. After indoctrination, Infiltration agents are often reassigned to Intelligence, assigned as assistants to a few sector branches, and then assigned to Sedition (Intelligence Bureau). Double-agents are active operatives, taking part in enemy actions against the Empire. Their job is to give Imperial Intelligence good enough information to allow the Empire to do greater damage than the double-agent's perations do to the Empire. Diplomatic Services is the catch-all branch of the Bureau. It provides a sizable portion of the personnel for trade and diplomatic missionsm found in Imperial garrisons, as well as political experts for foreign governments and Moffs. Many of these personnel are well trained and expected to perform only their overt duties, with the exception of reporting their action to Imperial Intelligence. Renik is a branch in the Bureau of Operations in charge of counterintelligence, which is the art of identifying and dismantling enemy spy operations, within the Empire. If a particular spy operation is considered to be potentially useful, Renik hands over all information on the enemy operation to Infiltration, which takes it from there. If the enemy group is considered insignificant or too dangerous to allow continued operations, Renik destroys it. Referred to as "the quiet branch," no one hears much about Destabilization (DESTAB). Destabilization is the branch which specializes in "taking the fabric which holds a people, society or government together and unraveling it." Agents from other branches suggest Destab's methods more closely resemble shredding. Edited January 24, 2014 by Malatose Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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