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Skylon Orbital Transfer Vehicle

The Cochin Space Research Organization and Gosree Aeronautics Ltd announce the first flight of the Skylon OTV, an unmanned space launch platform which would perform insertion of payload into Low Earth Orbit for CSRO from now on. The Skylon would launch a 12,000 kg payload to the Low Earth Orbit. As a low cost reusable space craft Skylon gives a cheaper and better efficient alternative to the current launch rocket systems. The hydrogen fueled Skylon is powered by two Sabre engines that perform as a conventional jet engine till its air ceiling and then as a rocket engine using the internal oxygen tanks.

The Skylon OTV underwent its commissioning test flight here at SLC Dagring. Here is a photograph of the Skylon being led out of its hangar.

skylon_hangar_2l.jpg

These are the technical characteristics of the Skylon OTV.

Skylon Specification:

* Length: 82 m

* Fuselage diameter: 6.25 m

* Wingspan: 25 m

* Unladen mass: 41,000 kg

* Fuel mass: 220,000 kg

* Maximum payload mass: 12,000 kg

* Specific impulse: 2000 to 2800 s (20 to 27 kN·s/kg) atmospheric, 450 s (4.4 kN·s/kg) exoatmospheric

* SABRE engine thrust/weight ratio: up to 14 atmospheric

General characteristics

* Crew: none

* Length: 82 m (269 ft)

* Wingspan: 25 m (82 ft)

* Empty weight: 41,000 kg (90,000 lb)

* Loaded weight: ~275,000 kg (600,000 lb)

* Powerplant: 2× SABRE combined cycle ramjet, turbojet, rocket, ~1,500,000 N (150 tons) each

Performance

* Maximum speed: orbital

* Service ceiling: 26,000 m airbreathing, 200+km exoatmospheric ()

* Thrust/weight: ~1.2 - 3 at burnout rocket (~0.768 atmospheric)

Given below are some line and cutaway diagrams of the Skylon OTV.

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cutaway.jpg

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The Skylon is a remotely operated vehicle controlled using the COMSAT network of geosynchronous communication satellites and MEO satellites. It can operate either autonomously along a programmed mission pathway with an autonomous event response protocol else receive manual guidance from ground controllers.

For Trisanku operations, the Skylon can also receive manual guidance from Trisanku including terminal flight maneuvering for payload transferring.

Here is an image of the Skylon lifting off taken by a Metac.

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Here is another image of Skylon taking off.

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The Skylon flight was followed to its aerial operational ceiling by an RCAF JM2 which took this picture.

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Here is another image of Skylon taken by the astronauts of Trisanku Space Station.

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The Skylon OTV is stated to perform the subsequent payload delivery missions to Trisanku with the Pushpak Space Shuttle launches being reserevd for more demanding missions like MEO, GEO, and manned missions. A total of 3 Skylons are expected to be built by the GAL which was the principal agency in designing and building the Skylon and its Sabre engines.

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Crew Recovery Vehicle / Personnel Launch System

Cochin Space Research Organization today announced the commissioning of the Personnel Launch System, PLS which would perform the vital role of Crew Recovery Vehicle for the Trisanku Space Station. The PLS has a total Payload capacity of 4218 kilograms including the weight of the crew. The PLS can accomodate a maximum of 10 crew members with no cargo and 4 crew plus cargo for a limited assisted space flight.

Though the PLS have been principally designed for the crew recovery purposes of the Trisanku Space Station, a modified version of PLS is stated to be next for the soon to launched second mission to moon. The 16 meter long PLS is capable of being held in the cargo bay of a Pushpak Space Shuttle and would be replacing a Lunar Landing Module in the upcoming mission to Moon.

The commissioning testing of the PLS was done through a Shuttle Flight from SLC Karagandy. The shuttle PS-1 carried an unmanned PLS with activated life support systems to the Orbital altitude of Trisanku and launched it. After performing sustained space flight for 40 minutes the PLS reentered the atmosphere and landed safely back at the SLC Karagandy.

The PLS modified to Lunar missions, designated PLS-L, have thrust vector engines with swivel nozzles.

Here are some technical diagrams and imagery of the Personnel Launch System as released by CSRO.

Personnel_Launch_System.jpg

PLS-1.jpg

PLS-2.jpg

PLS-3.gif

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According to the initial talks with Cochin, and the agreement that the PDHRK is still involved in the spaceflight, Eternal President Haruhi Suzumiya has allowed for 2 astronauts to depart this morning and arrive in the afternoon from Haruhigrad. These two astronauts/chosen individuals are Koichi Wakata and Takao Doi. They will not be flying commercial, but under a government charter.

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The astronauts from PDHRK would be met by CSRO officials and taken to the SLC Karagandy where the other members of the mission are getting ready.

With the involvement of these two international astronauts , CSRO announced that the mission to moon would go into its final stages.

Sean Crocket, the astronaut from Promised Land, now Queendom of Australia was now fully cleared for mission and the two PDHRK astronauts are being sped through the procedures to be made mission ready.

CSRO would be using the Pushpak Space Shuttle PS-3 with a PLS-L vehicle in the cargo hold. The PLS-L is configured for 4 member crew-cargo configuration. It is estimated that this mission would spend a total of 15 days in moon with daily resupply flights from the PLS-L from the orbiting PS-3 shuttle. All 15 mission specialists would get to spend time on the moon and conduct research and experiments. Shuttles would be made to transport 3 mission specialists at a time by the PLS-L, with each shift on moon lasting for 8 hours for an astronaut. The PS-3 would be configured for refueling and servicing multiple PLS-L flights.

The Mission Commander for this mission would be the newly promoted Col. Thomas of RCAF, who was the co-pilot in the first mission to moon. Capt. Naresh Trivedi and Capt. Grace John of Royal Cochin Air Force would be the Mission Specialists in charge of piloting the PLS-L.

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The final countdown is taking place.

Pushpak-3 is on the Launch Pad 1 at SLC Karagandy with the massive Yama-2 booster strapped onto it. Within the PS-3 the Flight Crew checked and rechecked the flight systems, while the mission specialists were strapped down and bracing for the immense G forces that they would soon experience. Sean Crocket, the astronaut from Promised Land/Queendom of Australia, Koichi Wakata and Takao Doi, the astronauts from PDHRK are sitting alongside the 12 Mission Specialists from Cochin, monitoring the various systems assigned to them.

As the countdown neared the zero, the ignition kicked in and the Yama-2 booster powered the Pushpak to the skies. After a small fly by near the Trisanku Space Station, the PS-3 would continue with its mission. The second mission to moon was on.

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Sean Crocket felt the g-forces pressing him into his seat. While it was uncomfortable, to be sure, he'd trained for this situation, so it didn't bother him unduly.

His main task wouldn't really begin until they actually got to the moon, but still, everyone had something to do before the flight, and even after they left the atmosphere.

Despite being calm, he did feel a measure of relief once they were safely in Space. Despite all precautions, you never knew for certain what might happen on these trips.

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Koichi and Takao felt the forces against them kick in suddenly, and were almost knocked out of reality. They were strapped in firmly, and knew the forces acting against them would subside once they reached space. They'd learned this from the various training stages they'd been through.

The PDHRK sent them to reach the moon, with Cochin's help. By doing so, they were reaching a milestone for the Republic's government.

Haruhi would be especially pleased if everyone went perfectly without a hitch.

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After the few days of flight the PS-3 finally reached the orbit of moon. Just like earlier contact was established with the Lunar Orbiter and Lunar Rover by the Mission Specialists. Soon it was time for the first landing mission.

This was the protocol that would be followed.

Each PLS-L flight would convey 3 Mission Specialists to the moon and then return. Every 4 hours a subsequent flight would bring 3 more crew members and additional equipments for the experiments. From the third flight onwards the return flight of the PLS-L would be taking back the astronauts who have completed their shifts. Each Mission Specialist would be given 8 hour shifts to perform experiments, the 4 member Flight Crew and the Mission Specialists aboard the PS-3 would coordinate all activities for a continuous mission. For every hour for the next 12 days PS-3 would be supporting astronauts on moon. The 2 PLS-L pilots have 12 hour shifts in which they would have to fly 3 trips to the landing site and shuttle. Every Mission Specialist would have 8 hours of work on Lunar surface, 8 hours of support work, experiments and data processing in the shuttle and 8 hours of rest. The refueling, servicing and equipment transfer of the PLS-Ls would be conducted by the Mission Specialists on shuttle duty. The Flight Crew would take 12 hour shifts each.

The first group of astronauts to go to moon would be Sean Crocket and two CSRO Mission Specialists. Their flight to moon would be piloted by Capt. Grace John.

The Mission Specialists would go to the Payload area via the pressure chambers and would move to the PLS-L secured there. Once everybody have strapped in, a Mission Specialist would release the mechanical locks holding the PLS-L to the payload floor. With brief bursts of power from the now vertically swiveled engines the PLS-L would lift off from the hardened titanium, carbon nanotube mesh floor of the Payload area. Having cleared the shuttle, Capt. John swiveled the engines for conventional flight and the hydrogen-oxygen fueled engines propelled the craft towards the moon.

Having established the coordinates of the landing site, the PLS-L gently flew towards the lunar surface and having located the pre planned landing spot, the PLS-L flared to a landing using the now vertically swiveled engines.

The astronauts would then disembark from the PLS-L, unload the materials and then wait for the PLS-L to return to the shuttle.

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With the end of the 10th day of the moon mission, most of the experiments were finished by the Cochin Mission Specialists. Several long term experiments were readied and established with communication protocols set for transmission of data to earth. With the mission winding up the astronauts were under pressure to complete the remaining experiments so that a trouble free return to earth could be done.

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Sean Crocket sighed as the final day came to a close. It had been a fun, unique experience, and he had had ample time to perform the experiments he had chosen--and enjoy the lesser gravity.

That was a particularly interesting experience, having to adjust from Earth Gravity, to the zero of space, to lunar. While on the surface, he'd had to watch himself every moment to keep from jumping too high, at least until he had adjusted.

her finished the last of his experiments about thirty minutes before the deadline, and was packed up again by the time it arrived.

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On the last day of their experiments in Moon, the astronauts would place a plaque to mark their presence on moon, with the flags of their nations and their own names and signatures. The PLS-L lifted off for the last time in two weeks from the Moon to fly towards the orbiting Pushpak Space Shuttle. Aboard the PS-3 the flight crew were doing the final checklist for their return flight to earth.

As soon as the PLS-L landed on the reinforced cargo bay floor and was electro-mechanically secured, the cargo bay doors closed and the last team of Mission Specialists alighted from their lunar craft and made their way towards the air locks.

The PS-3 then powered its main engines and started its flight towards the earth.

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We are arriving in Cochin on the 10th August and have planned a 7 day cycle trek starting from munnar. We have been advised to bring our own bikes from the uk but we were really hoping to hire 2 decent mountain bikes for the period can anyone help us find a suitable shop?

Thanks

Huw Lewis

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At the conclusion of CSRO's second manned mission to moon, the Pushpak Space Shuttle, PS-3 landed at SLC Karagandy. The mission was a complete success and several experiments had been conducted and vital information learned about Moon and Space.

After due quarantine procedures, physical examination and extensive debriefing the astronauts would return to their assigned jobs or with regard to the foreign astronauts, they could go home to accept the laurels of their achievement.

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CSRO today launched a Pushpak extended mission to service the currently orbiting Tesla Delta constellation of SPS satellites. The 16 TSD 4GW satellites are in Geosynchronous orbits over the Kingdom, Baloch, Bosaso and Gangothri. Over a period of 30 days the Pushpak would fly to all 16 satellites and perform some routine maintenance operations. Some of these satellites have sustained some External Object Damage during their years of operation.

Speaking at the announcement Dr. Vignesh Sarabhai, Director of Cochin Space Research Organization also hinted at a future Solar System Research Project which would be launching unmanned probes to distant parts of the Solar System to conduct astrophysical researches. An experimental mission to Sun is also in the offing.

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CSRO today announced a new nomenclature system for Pushpak Space Shuttle flights - PTS aka Pushpak Transportation System. The public announcement came on the eve of the 100th Pushpak flight which had taken off for the servicing of the Tesla TSD constellation of SPS satellites. That mission has been christened PTS-100. The new system of nomenclature would also be modified for the Skylon missions which would soon expand in scope with the induction of the fourth Skylon Orbital Transfer Vehicle. The Skylon flights are to be named STS aka Skylon Transportation System.

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CSRO today launched a Tesla TSF SPS satellite programmed to hover at Geostationary Orbit over New Delhi. The satellite was attached to a Yama-2 fourth stage booster and launched into LEO by Skylon flight STS-68 launched from SLC Dargring. At LEO the Yama-2 booster powered the satellite to the Geostationary Orbit.

This was the first of a series of 10 TSF satellites that would be launched to contribute to the power distribution of Cochin-India.

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With the contract to use the African Space elevator secured from Rebel Army, Cochin Space Research Organization is planning to accelerate a lot of pending projects. The first Cochin launch from the Space elevator would be the launch of a Tesla TSF SPS satellite. The satellite was transported to the space elevator by a CSRO Halob and later launched into Geo Synchronous Orbit. Once in orbit the satellite would maneuver to its stated position over Cochin-India.

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With the successful completion of the Trisanku Space Station and its imminent elevation to its final orbit of 5000 km, Cochin Space Research Organization announces the following projects that would be started soon.

Orbital Refueling Station

OBS-structure_l.jpg

The ORS would be an orbiting structure with hydrogen and oxygen fuel tanks to support space exploration flights. The ORS, whose rough conceptualization has been provided above would have 8 tanks each of hydrogen and oxygen fuels arranged on a cylindrical mesh structure. There would be two Fueling points where the fuel from these tanks would be conveyed to an arriving space craft though Pressurized Mating Adapters. The ORS would be controlled by a permanent crew of 6 who would operate out of a TSS Node 3 structure with 2 Habitation Modules attached. Power for the facility would come from two sets of PVA/Tesla Rectennas. The ORS would be located at an altitude of 200 km so that it can easily support long range space exploration missions launched from earth launch stations by refueling them in the LEO itself.

The fuel tanks of the ORS would be replaced regularly through either the Rebel Army Space Elevator or through alternate non rocket launch systems being developed by CSRO. The principal advantage of the ORS design is that no original structural design is required. The concepts and designs required have already been developed for the Trisanku Space Station and only fresh fabrication and specific customization is required.

Equatorial Launch Loop

The Equatorial Launch Loop would be a pioneering non rocket space launch method developed by Cochin Space Research Organization. It is a design for a maglev cable transport system for orbital launch that would be around 2,000 km (1,240 mi) long and maintained at an altitude of up to 80 km (50 mi). A launch loop would be held up at this altitude by momentum of the belt as it circulates around the structure, in effect it transfers the weight of the structure onto a pair of magnetic bearings, one at each end, which support it.

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The ELS would be a structure assembled at sea so that land based collateral damage may be avoided. Two base structures would be placed at coordinates (0° 3'14.18"S, 62°31'25.04"E) and (0° 2'14.46"N, 80°22'55.82"E) between which the launch loop would be operating. The loop would be powered by two revolutionary marine certified TROPS-E power plants which would be installed on both the base structures which would generate a combined power of 800 MW. The ELS would be able to launch payloads weighing as much as 8 metric tons to Low Earth Orbit beyond which it would attain self propulsion.

The base structures for the launch loop are currently being built at Gosree Shipyards and Ratnagiri Shipyards. The cables are being built by Varma Institute for Fundamental Research. The power plants are being customized by VIFR and Strategic Command.

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Now that the 10 Tesla SPS satellites planned for Cochin-India had been launched into orbit , CSRO is planning to launch another 15 TSF SPS satellites to provide extra power over remaining India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Maldives.

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CSRO has contracted 3 dredgers to start the construction of the Western Sea wall for the Western Base facility for the Equatorial Launch Loop. Another 3 dredgers would be constructing the Eastern Sea Wall for the Eastern Base Facility.

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